Web后端开发（请求响应）上

请求响应的概述

浏览器（请求）<--------------------------(HTTP协议)---------------------->（响应）Web服务器

请求：获取请求数据

响应：设置响应数据

BS架构：浏览器/服务器架构模式。客户端只需要浏览器，应用程序的逻辑和数据都存储在服务端（维护方便、体验一般）

CS架构：客户端/服务器架构模式（开发、维护麻烦、体验不错）

请求

postman

postman是一款功能强大的页面调试与发送网页HTTP请求的Chrome插件

作用：常用于进行接口测试

下载安装：

登录之后在Workspace中开始创建

调试：

简单参数：

原始方式：在原始的web程序中，获取请求参数，需要通过HTTP Servlet Request对象手动获取。

package com.bignyi.resp.controller;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

//设置请求参数接受
@RestController
public class RequestController {

    //    原始方式
    @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")
    public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request) {
//        获取请求参数
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
        System.out.println(name + ":" + age);
        return "OK";
    }
}

 SpringBoot方式

简单参数：参数名与形参变量名相同，定义形参即可接收参数

package com.bignyi.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
     @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")
    public String simpleParam(String name,Integer age){
        System.out.println(name+"："+age);
        return "OK";
    }
}

 实体参数

简单实体对象：请求参数名与形参对象属性名相同，定义POJO接受即可

package com.bignyi.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.bignyi.controller;

import com.bignyi.pojo.User;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
//请求处理类
@RestController
public class HelloController {

   /* @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")
    public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
        System.out.println(name+"："+age);
        return "OK";
    }*/
     @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")
    public String simpleParam(String name,Integer age){
        System.out.println(name+"："+age);
        return "OK";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/simplePojo")
    public String simplePojo(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        return "OK";
    }
}

复制实体对象：请求参数名与形参对象属性名相同，按照对象层次结构关系即可接收嵌套POJO属性参数。

package com.bignyi.pojo;

public class Address {
    private String province;
    private String city;
    public String getProvince() {
        return province;
    }

    public void setProvince(String province) {
        this.province = province;
    }

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }

    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "province='" + province + '\'' +
                ", city='" + city + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.bignyi.pojo;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Address address;


    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address=" + address +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.bignyi.controller;

import com.bignyi.pojo.User;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
//请求处理类
@RestController
public class HelloController {

   /* @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")
    public String simpleParam(HttpServletRequest request){
        String name = request.getParameter("name");
        String ageStr = request.getParameter("age");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(ageStr);
        System.out.println(name+"："+age);
        return "OK";
    }*/
     @RequestMapping("/simpleParam")
    public String simpleParam(String name,Integer age){
        System.out.println(name+"："+age);
        return "OK";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/simplePojo")
    public String simplePojo(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        return "OK";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/complexPojo")
    public String complexPojo(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        return "OK";
    }
}