1.鍑芥暟鐨勭畝鍗曞簲鐢�
鍏叡锛�
聽 聽 str, int,float,bool,bytes,list,set,tuple, dict,max,min,len,print,input
鐗瑰畾绫诲瀷鐨勫嚱鏁帮細
聽 Math :聽 pow(), sqrt().
str:聽 find(), split(), replace()..
random:聽 random()
os:聽 listdir(),remove()
os.path:聽 isfile() , isdir()
鍑芥暟鏈川灏辨槸灏嗛噸澶嶇殑浠ｇ爜灏佽鍦ㄤ竴鍧楋紝褰撲娇鐢ㄦ椂鍙閲嶅鍦拌皟鐢ㄣ��
瀹氫箟鍑芥暟鐨勮娉曪細
聽 聽 def鍑芥暟鍚� (鍙傛暟鍒楄〃):
鍔熻兘璇彞
聽 聽 聽 聽 [return琛ㄨ揪寮廬聽 #濡傛灉鍑芥暟鏈夎繑鍥炲�硷紝鍒欎娇鐢� return
濡傦細
聽 聽 聽 def聽 sub(x, y):聽 聽 聽 #瀹氫箟鏃讹紝鍑芥暟鐨勫弬鏁板悕绉颁箣涓� 褰㈠弬
聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 return x + y聽 聽 #杩斿洖涓や釜鏁扮殑鍜�
聽 聽 聽 s = sub(10, 20)聽 # s : 30 ,璋冪敤鏃讹紝鍑芥暟鐨勫弬鏁扮О涔嬩负 瀹炲弬
娉ㄦ剰锛� 缂栧啓瑙勮寖锛屽嚱鏁扮殑鍓嶅悗搴旇绌轰袱琛�
鍑芥暟涓槸鍚﹀瓨鍦ㄥ弬鏁帮紝閮藉繀椤诲瓨鍦� 灏忔嫭鍙� ( )
鍑芥暟涓瓨鍦╳hile寰幆鏃讹紝濡傛灉鍦ㄥ惊鐜鍙ユ湁 return璇彞锛屽垯浼氫腑鏂惊鐜�
鍑芥暟鍚嶇殑鍛藉悕锛� 璺熷彉閲忓悕鐨勫懡鍚嶈鍒欐槸涓�鏍风殑
2.鍑芥暟鐨勫叧閿瓧鍙傛暟
璋冪敤鍑芥暟鏃讹紝鍙互浣跨敤鍑芥暟鐨勫舰鍙傚悕鏉ヤ紶鍊笺��
濡傛灉浣跨敤褰㈠弬鍚嶆寚瀹氬弬鏁板�硷紝鍒欐墍鏈夊弬鏁板繀椤荤粺涓�锛� 闄や簡甯﹂粯璁ゅ�肩殑鍙傛暟
3.鍑芥暟鍙傛暟鐨勯粯璁ゅ��
聽 聽 聽 鏄湪褰㈠弬鍚嶅悗 璁剧疆榛樿鍊硷細def xx(ns=10)
鏈夐粯璁ゅ�肩殑鍙傛暟锛屽湪璋冪敤鏃跺彲浠ヤ笉鐢ㄦ彁渚涘疄鍙�
4.涓嶅畾闀垮害鐨勫弬鏁�
聽 聽 聽 *args聽 :聽 tuple鍏冪粍绫诲瀷
聽 聽 聽 **kwargs:聽 dict瀛楀吀
聽 聽 聽 鍦ㄥ嚱鏁扮殑鍙傛暟鍒楄〃涓紝*args鍜�**kwargs涓�鑸鏀惧湪鏅�氱殑鍙傛暟鐨勫悗闈紝
聽 聽 聽 濡傛灉鍦ㄥ墠闈㈢殑璇濓紝鏅�氬弬鏁板繀椤讳娇鐢ㄥ叧閿弬鏁颁紶鍊�(鍙傛暟鍚� =鍙傛暟鍊�)銆�
5.鍖垮悕鍑芥暟
聽 鍑芥暟鍚嵚� = lambda鍙傛暟鍒楄〃:琛ㄨ揪寮�,鍑芥暟鐨勮繑鍥炲�煎嵆鏄〃杈惧紡鍊�
聽 鍑芥暟鍚�(瀹炲弬鍒楄〃)
6.鍋忓嚱鏁�
锛� functools.partial(鐜版湁鐨勫嚱鏁板悕锛� 鍏抽敭鍙傛暟璧嬪�艰〃杈惧紡)锛岃繑鍥炲嚱鏁板悕
琛ㄨ薄锛� 鍋忓嚱鏁板嵆鏄幇鏈夊嚱鏁扮殑鍒嗚韩锛屽尯鍒槸鍏抽敭鍙傛暟鍊间笉鍚屻��
7.浣滅敤鍩�
鍙拡瀵规ā鍧椼�佺被锛屽嚱鏁颁腑鐨勫彉閲忥紝杩欎簺鍙橀噺涓�鑸彧浣滅敤鍦ㄥ鍑芥暟鐨勫眬閮ㄣ��
濡傛灉鎯冲皢灞�鍙樻彁鍗囦负鍏ㄥ眬锛�
聽 聽 聽 聽 global灞�閮ㄥ彉閲忓悕
8. Python鐨勫紓甯稿鐞�
涔嬪墠鐨勪唬鐮佺粡甯镐細鍑虹幇鐨勫紓甯革細
聽 聽 聽 TypeError, KeyError锛孖ndexError銆� ValueError
Exception
9.鍑芥暟
1锛夊畾涔夊嚱鏁�
def聽 鍑芥暟鍚�(鍙傛暟鍒楄〃)锛�
璇彞
return 缁撴灉
濡傚嚱鏁版病鏈変竴涓猺eturn ,鍒欒繑鍥炴槸None
def add(x, y):
s = x + y
return s
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 璋冪敤鍑芥暟锛歛dd(10, 20)聽 杩斿洖30
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 鍏抽敭鍙傛暟浼犲�硷細
add(y=10, x=20)
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 鍙傛暟榛樿鍊�
def聽 multiple(x, base=4):
if x % base == 0:
return True
print(鈥榟ahahaha鈥�)
return False
聽 聽 聽 璋冪敤鏃讹細multiple(13)聽 杩斿洖False
聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 multiple(15, 5) 杩斿洖True
def sum_(*args):
s = 0
for n in args:
s += n
return s
璋冪敤锛歴um_(10, 20, 30 , 40, 50)
sum_(1, 5, 8)
聽 聽聽 **kwargs :聽 涓�鑸儏鍐典笅锛屽仛鍑芥暟鐨勫彲閫夐」
def openTxt(path, **kwargs):
mode = kwargs.get(鈥榤ode鈥�)
if not mode:
聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽聽 mode = 鈥榬t鈥櫬� 聽 # 榛樿鍊�
charset = kwargs.get(鈥榗harset鈥�)
if not charset:
charset= 鈥榰tf-8鈥�
with open(path, mode, encoding=charset) as f:
c =聽 f.read()
print(c)
璋冪敤锛歰penTxt(r鈥檆:\aa.txt鈥�)
openTxt(r鈥檆:\aa.txt鈥�, charset=鈥榞bk鈥�)
openTxt(r鈥檆:\aa.txt鈥�,charset=鈥榞bk鈥�,mode=鈥榳+鈥�)
寮傚父澶勭悊锛�
try:
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 鍙兘鍑虹幇鐨勫紓甯�
except 寮傚父绫籥s 绫诲璞�:
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 澶勭悊寮傚父鐨勮鍙�
finally:
聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 鏈�缁堝鐞嗙殑璇彞
鎵撳紑鏂囦欢鏃跺彲鑳戒細鍑虹幇寮傚父锛孖OError
try:
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 f = open(r鈥檆:\aa.txt鈥�)聽 # 濡傛灉aa.txt鏂囦欢涓嶅瓨鍦�
except:
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 print(鈥樻枃浠朵笉瀛樺湪鈥�)
finally:
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 print(鈥樻枃浠舵搷浣滅粨鏉熲��)
聽 聽 def聽 chgInt(x):聽 # 灏嗗瓧绗︾殑x鍙傛暟鍊艰浆鎴恑nt绫诲瀷
try:
return int(x)
except:
聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 聽 print(鈥榹0}聽 涓嶈兘杞垚int鈥�.format(x))
return 0
鈥樷��.replace()
s.find()
鈥榮aa鈥�.split()
max()
open()
璋冪敤锛歝hgInt(鈥榓鈥�) == None聽 # 鎵撳嵃鈥榓鈥� 涓嶈兘杞垚int
聽 聽 聽 聽聽 chgInt(鈥�10鈥�) == 10聽 # 杩斿洖10
Sort 鎺掑簭