## 简介
Arrow是一个 Python 库,它提供了一种明智且人性化的方法来创建、操作、格式化和转换日期、时间和时间戳。它实现并更新 datetime 类型,填补了功能上的空白,并提供了支持许多常见创建方案的智能模块 API。简而言之,它可以帮助您以更少的导入和更少的代码来处理日期和时间。
## 为什么使用 Arrow 而不是内置模块?
Python的标准库和其他一些低级模块具有接近完整的日期,时间和时区功能,但从可用性的角度来看效果不佳:
太多模块:datetime、time、calendar、dateutil、pytz等
类型太多:date、time、datetime、tzinfo、timedelta、relativedelta 等。
时区和时间戳转换是冗长和不愉快的
时区幼稚是常态
功能差距:ISO 8601 解析、时间跨度、人性化
pip install arrow
# 获取当前时间,返回的Arrow对象
arrow.now() # 2022-05-06T09:32:41.296610+08:00
arrow.utcnow() # 2022-05-06T01:50:44.670980+00:00
# 获取当前时间戳,返回的Arrow对象
arrow.now().timestamp # 1651800761
arrow.now().float_timestamp # 1651800761.29661
# 获取datetime属性值,获取当前时间的年、月、日、时、分、秒
now = arrow.now() # 2022-05-06T09:32:41.296610+08:00
now.year # 2022
now.month # 5
now.day # 6
now.hour # 9
now.minute # 32
now.second # 41
# 将arrow对象转为字符串
## 将arrow对象转为字符串格式化输出
now = arrow.now() # 2022-05-06T09:32:41.296610+08:00
now.format() # '2022-05-06 09:32:41+08:00'
now.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ') # '2022-05-06 09:32:41 +08:00'
now.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022-05-06 09:32:41'
now.format('YYYYMMDD') # '20220506'
now.format('X') # '1651800761' 字符串格式的时间戳
now.format('MMMM') # 'May' 英文的月份
# 将时间戳转化为arrow对象
arrow.get(1651800761) # 2022-05-06T01:32:41+00:00
# 转换为字符串
arrow.get(1651800761).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022-05-06 09:32:41'
# 从字符串中获取时间
## 日期和时间格式的任一侧都可以用以下列表中的一个标点符号分隔:,.;:?!"\`'[]{}()<>
arrow.get("Cool date: 2019-10-31T09:12:45.123456+04:30.", "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.SZZ") #
arrow.get("Tomorrow (2019-10-31) is Halloween!", "YYYY-MM-DD") #
arrow.get("Halloween is on 2019.10.31.", "YYYY.MM.DD") #
# 错误示例
arrow.get("It's Halloween tomorrow (2019-10-31)!", "YYYY-MM-DD") # 引发异常,因为日期后面有多个标点符号
# 字符串转换为时间戳
arrow.get("2022-05-01").int_timestamp # 1651363200
arrow.get("2022-05-01").float_timestamp # 1651363200.0
arrow.get("2022-05-01").timestamp() # 1651363200.0
# arrow对象转换为datetime对象
arrow.now().datetime # 2022-05-06 09:32:41.296610+08:00
# 时间偏移
# # shift()
now = arrow.now() # 2022-05-06T09:32:41.296610+08:00
# 后3天
now.shift(days=3).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022:05:09 09:32:41'
# 前2天
now.shift(days=-2).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022:05:04 09:32:41'
# 上1年
now.shift(years=-1).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss') # '2021:05:04 09:32:41'
# 下2个月
now.shift(months=2).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022:07:06 09:32:41'
# 2小时后
now.shift(hours=2).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022:05:06 11:32:41'
# 1分钟前
now.shift(minutes=-1).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022:05:06 09:34:41'
# 30秒前
now.shift(seconds=-30).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss') # '2022:05:06 09:34:11'
# 也可以多个参数同时使用
# 30秒前
now.shift(hours=2, minutes=-1, seconds=-30).format('YYYY:MM:DD HH:mm:ss')
# 其它方法
# humanize() 人性化输出
# 本地化、人性化表示返回相对时间差异
now = arrow.now()
now.humanize() # '26 seconds ago'
now.humanize(locale='zh-cn') # ‘26秒前’
now = arrow.now()
future = now.shift(hours=2)
future.humanize(now, locale='zh-cn') # '2小时后'
# span() # 获取任何单位的时间跨度
now.span('hour') # (, )
# floor() # 时间所在区间的开始
now.floor('hour') #
# ceil() # 时间所在区间的结尾
now.ceil('hour') #
"""
#!/usr/bin/env/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from datetime import date
from boltons.timeutils import daterange
from typing import Any, Union, Text, List, AnyStr
class Handle_time():
def get_appointed_date(self) -> List:
"""
msg:构造日期,返回某时间段的约定日期
step (int):元组 (year, month, day)
inclusive (bool) :是否包含 stop 的日期
return: [datetime.date(2022, 1, 25), datetime.date(2022, 2, 25)]
"""
return [day for day in daterange(date(year=2022, month=1, day=25),
date(year=2023, month=1, day=1),
step=(0, 1, 0),
inclusive=True)]
def get_add_date(self, default_date={"year": 2022, "month": 11, "day": 1}, date_format='%Y-%m-%d',
weeks=0, days=1, hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0, milliseconds=0, microseconds=0):
"""
msg:返回递增日期,按周、按日、按小时递增
default_date:默认日期
date_format:输出格式
return:2022-11-02
"""
from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
handle_time = datetime(default_date["year"], default_date["month"], default_date["day"]) + timedelta(weeks=weeks, days=days, hours=hours, minutes=minutes, seconds=seconds, milliseconds=milliseconds, microseconds=microseconds, )
date = handle_time.strftime(date_format)
return date
test = Handle_time()
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(test.get_appointed_date())
print(test.get_add_date())
#!/usr/bin/env/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from typing import List, Any
import arrow
class Handle_arrow_time():
def get_someDate_byDescribe(self, date_describe: str, format: str = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss") -> Any:
# 通过描述,获取指定日期
if date_describe == 'today':
return arrow.now().format(format)
elif date_describe == 'tomorrow':
return arrow.now().shift(days=1).format(format)
elif date_describe == 'yesterday':
return arrow.now().shift(days=-1).format(format)
elif date_describe.endswith('days later'):
date_num = int(date_describe.split(' ')[0])
return arrow.now().shift(years=0, months=0, days=date_num, hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0).format(format)
elif date_describe.endswith('days ago'):
date_num = int(date_describe.split(' ')[0])
return arrow.now().shift(years=0, months=0, days=0 - date_num, hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0).format(format)
def get_someDate_byTimeKey(self, years: int = 0, months: int = 0, days: int = 0, hours: int = 0, minutes: int = 0, seconds: int = 0, format: str = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss") -> str:
# 通过参数,获取指定日期
return arrow.now().shift(years=years, months=months, days=days, hours=hours, minutes=minutes, seconds=seconds).format(format)
def get_nowDate_someAttribute(self, key="year") -> Any:
# 获取datetime属性值,获取当前时间的年、月、日、时、分、秒
now = arrow.now() # 2022-05-06T09:32:41.296610+08:00
if key == "year":
return now.year # 2022
elif key == "month":
return now.month # 5
elif key == "day":
return now.day # 6
elif key == "hour":
return now.hour # 9
elif key == "minute":
return now.minute # 32
elif key == "second":
return now.second # 41
elif key == "timestamp": # 获取当前时间戳,返回的Arrow对象
return now.timestamp # 1651800761
elif key == "int_timestamp": # 获取当前时间戳,返回的Arrow对象
return now.int_timestamp # 1651800761.29661
elif key == "float_timestamp":
return now.float_timestamp # 1651800761.29661
elif key == "datetime": # arrow对象转换为datetime对象
return now.datetime # 2022-05-06 09:32:41.296610+08:00
def get_someDate_fromString(self, key="year") -> Any:
# 从字符串中获取时间
## 日期和时间格式的任一侧都可以用以下列表中的一个标点符号分隔:,.;:?!"\`'[]{}()<>
arrow.get("Cool date: 2019-10-31T09:12:45.123456+04:30.", "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.SZZ") #
arrow.get("Tomorrow (2019-10-31) is Halloween!", "YYYY-MM-DD") #
arrow.get("Halloween is on 2019.10.31.", "YYYY.MM.DD") #
try:
# 错误案例
arrow.get("It's Halloween tomorrow (2019-10-31)!", "YYYY-MM-DD") # 引发异常,因为日期后面有多个标点符号
except Exception as e:
print(f"错误示例:{e}")
# 字符串转换为时间戳
arrow.get("2022-05-01").int_timestamp # 1651363200
arrow.get("2022-05-01").float_timestamp # 1651363200.0
arrow.get("2022-05-01").timestamp() # 1651363200.0
if __name__ == '__main__':
test = Handle_arrow_time()
print(test.get_someDate_byDescribe("today"))
print(test.get_someDate_byTimeKey())
print(test.get_nowDate_someAttribute())
print(test.get_someDate_fromString())
print(vars(Handle_arrow_time).items())