Window 与 WindowManager 简要说明

window表示一个窗口,他是一个抽象类,具体实现是PhoneWindow;
window的创建通过windowManger接口来完成,windowManger是外界访问window的入口,Window的具体实现位于WindowMangerService中,WindowManager与WindowManagerService的交互式一个IPC过程;

Android中的所有视图都是通过Window来呈现的,不管是Activity、Dialog或是Toast他们的视图都是附加在Window上的;

Window是分层的,每个Window都有对应的 z-ordered,

WindowManager.LayoutParams的flags和type##

flags类型
Flags参数表示Window的属性,可以控制Window的显示特性;

  1. FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE: 表示window不需要获取焦点;
  2. FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL:
  3. 其他;

Type参数
Type参数表示window的类型,Window有三种类型,分别是应用Window、子Window和系统Window;应用类Window对应着一个Activity;子Window不能单独存在,需要依附,如:Dialog,就是子Window;系统级如:Toast,系统状态栏等;

WindowManager操作View的方法##

public interface ViewManager {
    // 添加View
    public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    // 更新View
    public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
    // 移除View
    public void removeView(View view);
}

Window的内部机制##

Window是个抽象的概念,每个window对应着一个View和ViewRootImpl, Window和View通过ViewRootImpl来建立联系;
Window是View的形式存在的;

Window的添加过程

Window的添加过程通过WindowManger的addView来实现;
WindowManager是一个接口,它的实现是WindowManagerImpl类,WindowManagerImpl对应Window的三大操作如下:

 @Override
 public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
        applyDefaultToken(params);
        mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
 }

@Override
public void updateViewLayout(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) {
        applyDefaultToken(params);
        mGlobal.updateViewLayout(view, params);
}

@Override
public void removeView(View view) {
        mGlobal.removeView(view, false);
}

可以发现 操作 交给了 WindowMangerGlobal;其在调用addView方法时,会先进行一系列判断,然后创建ViewRootImpl并将View添加到列表中;

WindowManagerGlobal

几个重要的成员变量列表:

// mViews存储的是所有Window对应的View
private final ArrayList mViews = new ArrayList();
// mRoots存储所有Window所对应的ViewRootImpl
private final ArrayList mRoots = new ArrayList();
// mParamas 存储所有Window所对应的布局参数
private final ArrayList mParams =
            new ArrayList();
// 正在被删除的Window对象
private final ArraySet mDyingViews = new ArraySet();

addView代码片段:

root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);

}

// do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
try {
      // 通过ViewRootImpl 的setView 来完成
      root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);

在 setView方法中,会调用 requestLayout() 方法,走到 scheduleTraversals 中, 执行 pokeDrawLockIfNeeded()方法

try {
      mWindowSession.pokeDrawLock(mWindow);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
      // System server died, oh well.
}

通过mWindowSession来完成Window的添加过程,IWindowSession是个Binder对象,实际上Window的添加过程是一个IPC调用;

public static IWindowSession getWindowSession() {
        synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) {
            if (sWindowSession == null) {
                try {
                    InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance();
                    IWindowManager windowManager = getWindowManagerService();
                    sWindowSession = windowManager.openSession(
                            new IWindowSessionCallback.Stub() {
                                @Override
                                public void onAnimatorScaleChanged(float scale) {
                                    ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(scale);
                                }
                            },
                            imm.getClient(), imm.getInputContext());
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to open window session", e);
                }
            }
            return sWindowSession;
        }
    }

Session调用WindowManagerService来实现Window的添加;

Window的创建过程

View是Android中的视图呈现,View不能单独存在,必须依附在Window上;比如:Activity;

Activity的Window创建过程
在Activity的attach方法中,系统会创建Activity所属的Window对象,并为其设置回调接口,所以当window收到外界的状态改变时,就会回调Activity中的方法,如:onAttachedToWindow、dispatchTouchEvent等;

在调用Activity.setContentView方法时,实际上交给了window来处理:

public void setContentView(View view) {
        getWindow().setContentView(view);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
}

PhoneWindow 的 setContentView方法如下:

 @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
       // 没有DecorView,就创建 
       if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }

        if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
                    getContext());
            transitionTo(newScene);
        } else {
            mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        }
        mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
    }

installDecor会调用generateLayout来加载具体的布局文件到DecorView中:

        View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
        decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
        mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in;

        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
        if (contentParent == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
        }

以上这就是 setContentView的过程;

然后回调onContentChang()通知activity视图发生变化;

这个时候 DecorView已经创建完毕,activity的布局文件也添加到了 DecorView的mContentParent中,但 DecorView并还没有被WindowManager正式添加到Window中,此时还无法接受外界的事件;
ActivityThread中的handleResumeActivity方法中,首先会调用Activity的onResume方法,接着调用 makeVisible,这样 DecorView才真正完成了添加和显示过程;这个时候,Activity才可见;

  void makeVisible() {
        if (!mWindowAdded) {
            ViewManager wm = getWindowManager();
            wm.addView(mDecor, getWindow().getAttributes());
            mWindowAdded = true;
        }
        mDecor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
    }

Dialog的Window创建过程
实际上Dialog中的window也是PhoneWindow,创建过程与Activity Window类似;

  Dialog(@NonNull Context context, @StyleRes int themeResId, boolean createContextThemeWrapper) {
        if (createContextThemeWrapper) {
            if (themeResId == 0) {
                final TypedValue outValue = new TypedValue();
                context.getTheme().resolveAttribute(R.attr.dialogTheme, outValue, true);
                themeResId = outValue.resourceId;
            }
            mContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
        } else {
            mContext = context;
        }

        mWindowManager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);

        final Window w = new PhoneWindow(mContext);
        mWindow = w;
        w.setCallback(this);
        w.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
        w.setWindowManager(mWindowManager, null, null);
        w.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);

        mListenersHandler = new ListenersHandler(this);
    }

然后show方法中,会通过WindowManger将DecorView添加到Window中,

    try {
            mWindowManager.addView(mDecor, l);
            mShowing = true;
    
            sendShowMessage();
        } finally {
        }

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