1.docker port 可以查看容器的端口映射关系
格式：
docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]
例子：
[root@centos7 ~]# docker port nginx-c1
443/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8443
53/udp -> 0.0.0.0:8053
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8080
[root@centos7 ~]# docker port nginx-c1 53/udp
0.0.0.0:8053
2.指定端口映射
docker run -p 可以将容器的预定义的指定端口映射到宿主机的相应端口
注意: 多个容器映射到宿主机的端口不能冲突，但容器内使用的端口可以相同
方式1: 容器80端口映射宿主机本地随机端口
docker run -p 80 --name nginx-test-port1 nginx
方式2: 容器80端口映射到宿主机本地端口81
docker run -p 81:80 --name nginx-test-port2 nginx
方式3: 宿主机本地IP:宿主机本地端口:容器端口
docker run -p 10.0.0.100:82:80 --name nginx-test-port3 docker.io/nginx
方式4: 宿主机本地IP:宿主机本地随机端口:容器端口，默认从32768开始
docker run -p 10.0.0.100::80 --name nginx-test-port4 docker.io/nginx
方式5: 宿主机本机ip:宿主机本地端口:容器端口/协议，默认为tcp协议
docker run -p 10.0.0.100:83:80/udp --name nginx-test-port5 docker.io/nginx
方式6: 一次性映射多个端口+协议
docker run -p 8080:80/tcp -p 8443:443/tcp -p 53:53/udp --name nginx-test-port6 nginx
查看容器的日志
docker logs 可以查看容器中运行的进程在控制台输出的日志信息
格式
docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
范例: 查看容器日志
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]# docker run alpine /bin/sh -c 'i=1;while true;do echo
hello$i;let i++;sleep 2;done'
Unable to find image 'alpine:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/alpine
188c0c94c7c5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c0e9560cda118f9ec63ddefb4a173a2b2a0347082d7dff7dc14272e7841a5b5a
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:latest
hello1
hello2
hello3
hello4
hello5
^C[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d alpine /bin/sh -c 'i=1;while true;do echo
hello$i;let i++;sleep 2;done'
512622b006c05673630eb04f081f8475400b1cda786b0a8a5d1c1c2fd6dc56a7
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker logs 5126
hello1
hello2
hello3
hello4
hello5
hello6
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker logs --tail 3 5126
hello8
hello9
hello10
#显示时间
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker logs --tail 0 -t 5126
2020-02-25T13:30:07.321390731Z hello17
#持续跟踪
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker logs -f 5126
hello1
hello2
hello3
hello4
实战案例: 基于CentOS 基础镜像手动制作编译版本 nginx 镜像
在CentOS 基础镜像的容器之上手动编译安装nginx，然后再将此容器提交为镜像
下载镜像并初始化系统
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker pull centos:centos7.7.1908
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED
SIZE
centos centos7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 2 months ago
204MB
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -it centos:centos7.7.1908 /bin/bash
#生成yum源配置
[root@86a48908bb97 /]# yum -y install wget
[root@64944257fa88 /]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@64944257fa88 /]# wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
编译安装 nginx
[root@64944257fa88 /]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin nginx
#安装基础包
[root@64944257fa88 /]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ automake pcre pcre-devel zlib
zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
[root@64944257fa88 /]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@64944257fa88 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@64944257fa88 src]# tar xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
[root@64944257fa88 src]# cd nginx-1.16.1
[root@64944257fa88 nginx-1.16.1]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx
[root@64944257fa88 nginx-1.16.1]# make && make install
[root@64944257fa88 nginx-1.16.1]# rm -rf nginx*
[root@64944257fa88 nginx-1.16.1]# rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*
关闭 nginx 后台运行
[root@64944257fa88 nginx-1.16.1]# cd /apps/nginx/
[root@64944257fa88 nginx]# ls
conf html logs sbin
[root@64944257fa88 nginx]# vi conf/nginx.conf
user nginx;
daemon off;
[root@64944257fa88 nginx]# ln -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/
[root@64944257fa88 nginx]# ll /usr/sbin/nginx
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22 Jan 28 05:29 /usr/sbin/nginx -> /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
准备相关数据自定义web界面
[root@64944257fa88 nginx]# echo "Nginx Test Page in Docker" >
/apps/nginx/html/index.html
提交为镜像
#不要退出容器，在另一个终端窗口执行以下命令
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED
SIZE
centos centos7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 2 months ago
204MB
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
STATUS PORTS NAMES
64944257fa88 centos:centos7.7.1908 "/bin/bash" 18 seconds ago
Up 17 seconds stupefied_albattani
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker commit -m "nginx1.6.1" 64944257fa88 -c "CMD nginx"
centos7-nginx:1.6.1
sha256:d86d957bb00f35fe09ae38230e1e2d12916f4406e997146c68e34dae7526c079
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED
SIZE
centos7-nginx 1.6.1 d86d957bb00f 2 minutes ago 486MB
centos centos7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 2 months ago 204MB
从自己的镜像启动容器
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d -p 80:80 centos7-nginx:1.6.1 nginx
ae90b1abf374138a21f7ed104d14c88f1af23c0b2027c3fe099722fd7fbad3a4
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED
STATUS PORTS NAMES
ae90b1abf374 centos7-nginx:1.6.1 "nginx" About a minute ago
Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp naughty_thompson
备注: 最后面的nginx是运行的命令，即镜像里面要运行一个nginx命令，所以前面软链接
到/usr/sbin/nginx，目的为了让系统不需要指定路径就可以执行此命令
访问测试
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#curl 127.0.0.1
Nginx Test Page in Docker
查看Nginx访问日志和进程
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker exec -it ae90b1abf374 bash
[root@ae90b1abf374 /]# cat /apps/nginx/logs/access.log
172.17.0.1 - - [28/Jan/2020:05:40:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 26 "-"
"curl/7.58.0"
[root@ae90b1abf374 /]# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.2 20572 2468 ? Ss 05:40 0:00 nginx: master
process nginx
nginx 6 0.0 0.3 21024 3104 ? S 05:40 0:00 nginx: worker
process
root 7 0.3 0.2 11840 2928 pts/0 Ss 05:45 0:00 bash
root 21 0.0 0.3 51764 3344 pts/0 R+ 05:46 0:00 ps aux