课前想一想
1.How many weight can an adult bear put on by gorging on plants?
2.How to say“暴露某人的行踪”in En-glish?
词汇装备库
1.avalanche/'aevelaent/(n.)雪崩
2.smash/smaef/(v.)打碎，摔碎
3.grizzly bear(n.)北美的大灰熊
4.den/den/(n.)(动物的）巢穴，窝
a bear's den熊窝
a lion's den 狮子窝
5.hibernate/'haiberneit/
(v.)(动物）冬眠
6.swift/swift/(adj.)迅速的，敏捷的
7.meadow/'medou/(n.)草场，牧地
8.gorge/go:rd/(v.)狼吞虎咽，塞饱
9.marmot/'ma:rmet/(n.)土拨鼠10.itch/t/(v.)发痒（n.)痒，骚痒，挠痒痒
11.scratch/skraet/(v.)抓，虽，划12.bobcat/ba:bkaet/(n.)红猫，短尾猫，一种北美野猫
词句兵工厂
This is not a place to dawdle.
此地不宜久留。
Note:
1.dawdle/'do:dl/(v.)磨蹭，磨洋工，拖脊
Stop dawdling! You'll be late for school!
别磨蹭了！你上学要迟到了！
Stop dawdling! We're going to be late!别磨蹭，再磨蹭我们就迟到了。
Hurry up! There's no time to dawdle.快点，没有时间磨蹭了。
dawdle about 浪费时间
He has been dawdling about all morning.他整个上午都在无所事事。
Don't dawdle about. Get moving.
不要偷懒。行动起来。
词句兵工厂
Mothers show the cubs what to do about this. They'll soon catch on.
母熊给小熊们做了示范，他们很快就学会了。
Note:
1.what to do about this
对此打算怎么办，如何做
What are you going to do about this/it?你打算怎么做？
2.catch on 理解，领会
He is very quick to catch on to things.他对事情了解得很快。
词句兵工厂
To best spread their scent, they really have to put their back into it.
为了更好地散布自己的气味，他们得用后背好好地蹭一蹭。
Note:
1.spread/spred/(v.)扩散，蔓延
spread the word 散布消息
We've arranged a meeting for next Thursday, so if you see anyone,do spread the word.
我们安排在下周四开会，你如果看到谁的话，务必告诉他一声。
2.scent/sent/(n.)气味
3.put(one's)back into(something)耗费很大的努力/力气做某事
Come on, we need to get this car off the road. Put your back into it and push!
快点，我们得把车停在路边。使劲推啊！
We'll get the job finished today if we put our backs into it.
如果我们全力以赴，今天就能完成这项工作。
词句兵工厂
And to prevent crunching footsteps from revealing his presence, he uses boulders as stepping stones.
为了避免踩雪的脚步声暴露行踪，它用岩石当落脚点。
Note:
1.crunch/krant/(v.)嘎吱作响地咀嚼某物，踩到某物嘎吱作响
2.footstep/'fotstep/(n.)人走路时脚踩在地上的脚步声，脚步
follow in sb's footsteps
效仿某人
She followed in her mother's foot-steps, starting her own business.
她效法母亲开办了自己的公司。
3.reveal/rrvi:l/(v.)泄露，透露
reveal secrets 泄密
4.presence/'prezns/(n.)某人在场reveal one's presence
暴露某人的行踪
5.boulder/boulder/(n.)巨石
6.stepping stone/'stepin stoun/(n.)垫脚石，踏脚石；敲门砖
I see this job as a stepping stone to better things.
我只不过把这份工作当作找到更好的工作的垫脚石。
语法轻知识
同位语从句与定语从句，你能分清吗？
Marker sentence:
The debris from an avalanche is clear evidence that this slope is still danger ously unstable
上次雪崩后的碎片正是这处山坡依然摇摇欲坠的证据。
同位语从句与定语从句很相似，它们都经常由that引导，并且都是对前面的名词提供进一步的信息。但是两者有以下这些区别
1.意义不同
同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的从句，属于名词性从句中的一种，同位从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，通常由that,whether等引导词引导。而定语从句与其先行词是修饰关系，其作用相当于定语。
2.句子成分的完整性不同：
同位语从句的句子成分是完整的，that作为引导词只起连接作用；而定语从句的句子成分不完整，会缺少某个成分，而that引导词就在从句中充当该成分。
We came to the decision that we must stop the action at once.
我们做出决定：必须马上停止行动。（同位语从句，解释说明decision的内容
This is the decision that we have made.这是我们已做出的决定。
(定语从句，made后边缺少宾语）
There is no evidence that he com mitted crime.没有他犯罪的证据。
(同位语从句）
There is no evidence that prove his guilty.没有证据证明他是有罪的。
(定语从句，引导词that在从句中做主语）
3.先行词的区别
定语从句对先行词无特殊要求，可以修饰几乎所有名词；而同位语从句的先行词仅限于某些抽象名词，常见的有news,idea, opinion, thought, fact, report, de cision, evidence, hope等。
实战练兵场
(2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题-翻译）
(47) His function is analogous to that of
a judge, who must accept the obliga-tion of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
重点解析：
先来扫清一些词汇：
1.function表示功能；职责
2.analogous表示类似的
3.judge 法官
4.obligation表示义务
5.reveal表示揭示，在这里应该翻译为“展示”
6.reason作动词表示推理，推断
revealing的宾语部分是“the course of reasoning which led him to his deci-sion"。"in as obvious a manner as pos-sible”做状语，表示用尽可能明显的方式。
参考翻译：他的职责与法官相似，他必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
文化加油站
关于灰熊的有趣事实
灰熊的学名是Ursus arctos horribilis,俗称grizzly bear。它们身高约2.5米，体重高达360公斤，是一种棕熊的亚种，栖息于加拿大西部和美国西北部。
1. Grizzly bears are specially adapted to survive the changing seasons. During warmer months, they eat a massive amount of food so they can live of body fat during the winter, when food is scarce.
灰熊特别适合在不断变化的季节中生存。在温暖的月份，它们会吃大量的食物，这样就可以在冬天食物缺乏的时候依靠体内脂肪。
2. The bears settle in their dens to hi-bernate for the winter . This deep sleep allows the grizzlies to conserve energy Their heart rate slows down from 40beats per minute to 8.
灰熊在他们的窝点定居，冬天在这里冬眠。这种深度睡眠使灰熊能够节约能量。它们的心率从每分钟40次减慢到8次。
3. Grizzly bears have a multitude ot strengths. They are highly intelligent and have excellent memories. De-tecting food from great distances away, grizzlies have an astute sense of smell, even better than that of a hound dog.
灰熊有很多优点。它们非常聪明，有着很强的记忆力。灰熊具有甚至比猎犬更好的敏锐嗅觉，能够从远处探测食物。
主题打包盒
1.北美洲的山脉每年都要发生数千起雪崩，而有一种动物整个冬季都在这些极易发生雪崩的山坡上冬眠，它们就是灰熊。当春天来临时，灰熊才会出现。它们往往会在隆冬半梦半醒之际，产下幼煎。春天来临时，在巢穴里待了五个月之后的灰熊已经饥肠糖糖，必须下山到山谷中觅食了。
2.在夏季的几个月里，一只成年灰熊靠吃植物能长180公斤。天气转暖，灰熊们急于脱下它们厚重的冬衣。它们会长途跋涉去找喜欢的树，给自己挠挠痒，每只熊在跟树摩擦时都会留下易于辨认的独特气味。
3.山猫是少数冬天还在活动的捕猎者，它通过辨认极其微弱的声音来捕捉猎物。
深冬时节积雪实在太深，山猫被迫离开它们的领地，去寻找更易于捕捉的猎物。