AsyncTask分析

AsyncTask

  • onPreExecute(),在主线程中执行,在异步任务之前该方法会被执行,可以用来做一些准备工作
  • doInBackground(),在线程池中执行,用于执行异步任务,在此方法中可以通过调用publishProgress方法更新任务的进度,publishProgres方法中会调用onProgressUpdate方法,另外doInBackground()需要返回计算结果给onPostExecute()方法
  • onProgressUpdate(),在主线程中执行,当后台任务的执行进度发生改变时此方法会调用
  • onPostExecute(),在主线程中执行,在异步任务执行之后,此方法会被调用

使用注意事项:

  • AsyncTask的对象必须在主线程中创建
  • execute方法必须在UI线程中调用
  • 一个AsyncTask对象只能执行一次,即只能执行一次execute方法
  • 不要再程序中直接调用onPreExecute、doInBackground、onProgressUpdate、onPostExecute方法
  • Android1.6之前是串行执行任务,1.6之后采用线程池并行执行任务,3.0后为了避免并发错误又采用一个线程串行执行任务

工作原理:

AsyncTask内部封装了线程池和Handler,方便在子线程中更新ui。AsyncTask内部有两个线程池(SerialExecutor和THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR)和一个handler,其中SerialExecutor用于任务排队,THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR用于真正执行任务,handler将执行环境切换至主线程

为了分析AsyncTask工作原理,我们从他的execute()方法开始分析,execute()方法会调用executeOnExecutor方法,实现如下:

@MainThread//主线程中执行
public final AsyncTask execute(Params... params) {
    return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}

executeOnExecutor()方法:

@MainThread
public final AsyncTask executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
        Params... params) {
    if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
        switch (mStatus) {
            case RUNNING:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task is already running.");
            case FINISHED:
                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                        + " the task has already been executed "
                        + "(a task can be executed only once)");
        }
    }

    mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

    onPreExecute();

    mWorker.mParams = params;
    exec.execute(mFuture);//线程池开始执行

    return this;
}

在上述代码中,sDefaultExecutor其实是一个串行的线程池,一个进程中的所有AsyncTask任务都会在这个线程池中排队,在executeOnExecutor()方法中,会先执行onPreExecute()方法,然后开始执行线程池,下面分析一下sDefaultExecutor线程池的实现

private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
    final ArrayDeque mTasks = new ArrayDeque();
    Runnable mActive;

    public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
        mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    r.run();
                } finally {
                    scheduleNext();
                }
            }
        });
        if (mActive == null) {
            scheduleNext();
        }
    }

    protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
        if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
            THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
        }
    }
}

从上述代码可以看出AsyncTask的排队执行过程,execute(final Runnable r)方法会将runnable对象插入到mTasks队列当中,这里的runnable对象就是,通过params参数封装成的FutureTask对象,如果这个时候没有正在活动的任务,那么就会调用scheduleNext()方法来执行下一个任务,同时,当这个任务执行完毕后,会自动的调用scheduleNext()方法来执行下一个任务,由此可以看出,AsyncTask是串行执行的,在scheduleNext()犯法中真正执行任务的是THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR线程池,前面说过执行的runnable对象是futureTask,我们看一下futureTask的run方法:

public void run() {
    if (state != NEW ||
        !U.compareAndSwapObject(this, RUNNER, null, Thread.currentThread()))
        return;
    try {
        Callable c = callable;
        if (c != null && state == NEW) {
            V result;
            boolean ran;
            try {
                result = c.call();
                ran = true;
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                result = null;
                ran = false;
                setException(ex);
            }
            if (ran)
                set(result);
        }
    } finally {
        // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
        // prevent concurrent calls to run()
        runner = null;
        // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
        // leaked interrupts
        int s = state;
        if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
            handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
    }
}

在run方法中代码执行的是result = c.call();语句,而这个callback也就是在asyncTask中初始化futureTask对象传入的WorkerRunnable对象,我们接着看一下WorkerRunnable对象的实现:

    mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() {
        public Result call() throws Exception {
            mTaskInvoked.set(true);//表示当前任务已经执行过了
            Result result = null;
            try {
                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                //noinspection unchecked
                result = doInBackground(mParams);
                Binder.flushPendingCommands();
            } catch (Throwable tr) {
                mCancelled.set(true);
                throw tr;
            } finally {
                postResult(result);
            }
            return result;
        }
    };

我们看到,mWorker.call()方法首先会设置mTaskInvoked.set(true);表示当前任务已经执行过了,然后会执行doInBackground方法,接着将返回值传递给postResult方法,postResult方法实现如下:

private Result postResult(Result result) {
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
            new AsyncTaskResult(this, result));
    message.sendToTarget();
    return result;
}

可以看到,在postResult方法中会通过handler将result结果发送给主线程,之后会在祝线程中调用onPostExecute()方法

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