Java实现HTTP请求的几种方式-CloseableHttpClient(三)

文章目录

  • 通过`Apache`封装好的`CloseableHttpClient`
    • 引入jar包
    • Post方式请求
      • 关于设置连接超时时间connectTimeout不能设置超过20秒的问题
    • Get方式请求
  • 问题1:Connection Pool Shut down
  • 问题2:返回出现中文问号或乱码的原因
  • 其他阅读

通过Apache封装好的CloseableHttpClient

CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基础上修改更新而来的,这里还涉及到请求头token的设置(请求验证),利用fastjson转换请求或返回结果字符串为json格式,当然上面两种方式也是可以设置请求头token、json的,这里只在下面说明。

引入jar包


<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponentsgroupId>
    <artifactId>httpclientartifactId>
    <version>4.5.13version>
dependency>


<dependency>
     <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.coregroupId>
     <artifactId>jackson-databindartifactId>
 dependency>

Post方式请求

基于第一章的测试接口,建立以下程序

  1. 创建客户端
  2. 设置HttpPost对象,包括URL,请求头
  3. 执行方法
  4. 响应体转化

请求代码:

@Service
@Slf4j
public class CloseableHttpClientService{
	private static String tokenString = "";
    private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED";
    private final CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
    private final ObjectMapper objectMapper;


	//构造客户端对象
	    public CloseableHttpClientService(ObjectMapper objectMapper){
        //1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数
        this.objectMapper = objectMapper;
        //设置客户端,如果无参数设置可以不用调setDefaultRequestConfig方法
        RequestConfig build = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(6000)
                .setConnectTimeout(6000).build();
        this.httpClient=HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultRequestConfig(build).build();
    }
	
 	/**
     * 以post方式调用第三方接口
     * @param url
     * @param param
     * @return
     */
    public <R> R doPost(String url, Object param,Class<R> returnType) throws IOException {
        String json = "";
        if(Objects.nonNull(param)){
            json = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(param);
        }
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        if (null != tokenString && tokenString.equals("")) {
            tokenString = getToken();
        }
        //Authorization的header头,用于token验证使用
        httpPost.addHeader("Authorization", tokenString);
        httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

        StringBuilder res= new StringBuilder();

        //设置编码UTF-8,不然会出现问号
        StringEntity se = new StringEntity(json,"UTF-8");
        //经过验证,无用
        //se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
        //发送json数据需要设置contentType,否则提供者端提示请求类型not support
        se.setContentType("application/json");
        //设置请求参数
        httpPost.setEntity(se);
        //客户端设置了默认值,局部就无需再设置,除非有额外要求
        /*RequestConfig build = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(40000).setConnectTimeout(40000).build();
        httpPost.setConfig(build);*/

        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
        if (Objects.nonNull(response) && response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            //返回json格式
            res.append(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"));
        }
        //这里不需要手动调用httpClient.close(),因为EntityUtils.toString方法中会自动调用输入流的close方法
        //直接调用httpClient.close()反而会再第二次调用时出现Collection Pool shut down的错误
        R r = objectMapper.readValue(res.toString(), returnType);
        return r;
    }

	/**
     * 获取第三方接口的token
     */
    public String getToken() {
        String token = "";
        Map<String,String> object = new HashMap<>();
        object.put("userName", "xxx");
        object.put("password", "xxx");

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8082/nacos-service-provider/auth/login");
        httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
        try {
            StringEntity se = new StringEntity(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(object));
            se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            //发送json数据需要设置contentType
            se.setContentType("application/json");
            //设置请求参数
            httpPost.setEntity(se);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            log.info(String.valueOf(response));
            StringBuilder res= new StringBuilder();
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                //返回json格式
                res.append(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"));
            }
            JsonResult jsonResult = objectMapper.readValue(res.toString(), JsonResult.class);
            if (Objects.isNull(jsonResult) || !ReturnCode.SUCCESS.getCode().equals(jsonResult.getCode())) {
                if (Objects.isNull(jsonResult)) {
                    throw new BizException(ReturnCode.ERROR);
                } else {
                    throw new BizException(jsonResult.getCode(), jsonResult.getMessage());
                }
            }
            LoginResponse loginResponse = objectMapper.convertValue(jsonResult.getData(), LoginResponse.class);
            //这里可以把返回的结果按照自定义的返回数据结果,把string转换成自定义类
            //ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);
            //把response转为jsonObject
            /*JSONObject result = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parseObject(String.valueOf(response));
            if (result.containsKey("token")) {
                token = result.getString("token");
            }*/
            token = loginResponse.getToken();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return token;
    }
}

测试程序:

/**
     * 使用HttpURLConnection发送Post请求
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    public TestHttpAccessResponse sendHttpRequestByCloseableHttpClient() {
        TestHttpAccessRequest request = new TestHttpAccessRequest();
        request.setAge(16);
        request.setName("刘伞");
        request.setAddress("佛山市");

        String httpUrl = "http://localhost:8082/nacos-service-provider/testHttpAccess";
//        String httpUrl = "http://198.168.22.11:8085/nacos-service-provider/testHttpAccess";

        /**
         * 如果是List这种带泛型的对象,则需要使用TypeReference<类型> typeRef = new TypeReference...
         * 注意日期的类型,需要事前设置类型转换器
         */
        JsonResult jsonResult = closeableHttpClientService.doPost(httpUrl, request, JsonResult.class);
        if (Objects.isNull(jsonResult) || !ReturnCode.SUCCESS.getCode().equals(jsonResult.getCode())) {
            if (Objects.isNull(jsonResult)) {
                throw new BizException(ReturnCode.ERROR);
            } else {
                throw new BizException(jsonResult.getCode(), jsonResult.getMessage());
            }
        }


        /**
         * 由于我做了统一的返回体JsonResult,所以还需要再转一遍
         * 这里不封装进去是因为,除了JsonResult可能还会有其他的返回体
         */
        TestHttpAccessResponse response = objectMapper.convertValue(jsonResult.getData(), TestHttpAccessResponse.class);
        return response;
    }

运行结果:
Java实现HTTP请求的几种方式-CloseableHttpClient(三)_第1张图片

关于设置连接超时时间connectTimeout不能设置超过20秒的问题

设置connectTimeout有两种设置方法,一种是设置在客户端级别的,一种是设置在当次请求的。
如果当次请求HttpPost/HttpGet没有设置连接超时时间,那么将会使用客户端级别的值,不需要copy

我在设置连接超时时间时,发现了一个现象,connectTimeout最多只能20秒,超过20秒就会在20秒的时候抛出异常
当我设置了40秒连接超时,结果到20秒之后就抛出了org.apache.http.conn.HttpHostConnectException
如果是设置20秒以内的超时时间,就会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException:

设置的timeout是不变的,追溯到PlainConnectionSocketFactory的代码,猜想应该是Socket内部的优化

@Override
    public Socket connectSocket(
            final int connectTimeout,
            final Socket socket,
            final HttpHost host,
            final InetSocketAddress remoteAddress,
            final InetSocketAddress localAddress,
            final HttpContext context) throws IOException {
        final Socket sock = socket != null ? socket : createSocket(context);
        if (localAddress != null) {
            sock.bind(localAddress);
        }
        try {
            sock.connect(remoteAddress, connectTimeout);
        } catch (final IOException ex) {
            try {
                sock.close();
            } catch (final IOException ignore) {
            }
            throw ex;
        }
        return sock;
    }

Get方式请求

基于第一章的测试接口和上面doPost的例子,建立以下程序

  1. 创建客户端
  2. 拼接URL参数
  3. 设置HttpGet对象,包括URL,请求头
  4. 执行方法
  5. 响应体转化

请求方法:

    /**
     * 以get方式调用第三方接口
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public <R> R doGet(String url,Object param,Class<R> returnType) throws IOException, IllegalAccessException {
        //拼接url参数
        if(Objects.nonNull(param)){
            List<String> params = new ArrayList<>();
            Class<?> clazz = param.getClass();
            Field[] declaredFields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
            for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
                declaredField.setAccessible(true);
                Object o = declaredField.get(param);
                if (declaredField.getType().equals(String.class)) {
                    //这里拼接的时候注意要使用URL编码
                    String s = (String) declaredField.get(param);
                    s = URLEncoder.encode(s);
                    o = s;
                }
                params.add(declaredField.getName() + "=" + o);
            }
            String paramStr = params.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("&"));
            url = url+"?"+paramStr;
        }


        //创建HttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        if (null != tokenString && !tokenString.equals("")) {
            tokenString = getToken();
        }
        //api_gateway_auth_token自定义header头,用于token验证使用
        httpGet.addHeader("Authorization",tokenString);
        //httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");

        HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
        StringBuilder res= new StringBuilder();
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            //返回json格式
            res.append(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        }
        R r = objectMapper.readValue(res.toString(), returnType);
        return r;
    }

测试程序:

/**
     * 使用HttpURLConnection发送Post请求
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    public TestHttpAccessResponse sendHttpGetRequestByCloseableHttpClient() {
        TestHttpAccessRequest request = new TestHttpAccessRequest();
        request.setAge(16);
        request.setName("刘伞");
        request.setAddress("佛山市");

        String httpUrl = "http://localhost:8082/nacos-service-provider/testHttpAccessGet";

        /**
         * 如果是List这种带泛型的对象,则需要使用TypeReference<类型> typeRef = new TypeReference...
         * 注意日期的类型,需要事前设置类型转换器
         */
        JsonResult jsonResult = closeableHttpClientService.doGet(httpUrl, request, JsonResult.class);
        if (Objects.isNull(jsonResult) || !ReturnCode.SUCCESS.getCode().equals(jsonResult.getCode())) {
            if (Objects.isNull(jsonResult)) {
                throw new BizException(ReturnCode.ERROR);
            } else {
                throw new BizException(jsonResult.getCode(), jsonResult.getMessage());
            }
        }


        /**
         * 由于我做了统一的返回体JsonResult,所以还需要再转一遍
         * 这里不封装进去是因为,除了JsonResult可能还会有其他的返回体
         */
        TestHttpAccessResponse response = objectMapper.convertValue(jsonResult.getData(), TestHttpAccessResponse.class);
        return response;
    }

结果:
Java实现HTTP请求的几种方式-CloseableHttpClient(三)_第2张图片

问题1:Connection Pool Shut down

这个问题是出现在,当我使用httpClient.close()方法之后,用相同的httpClient实例进行第二次请求就提示错误了。
CloseableHttpClient 采用的连接池管理,无需在业务代码中进行close资源回收。

问题2:返回出现中文问号或乱码的原因

首先设置StringEntity的编码有两种方式:

//第一种方式:后端无法解码
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json);
stringEntity.setContentType("UTF-8");
 
//第二种方式:请求成功
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json,"UTF-8");

这里我先说出我的实践结果:方式一出现问号,方式二可行。
先来看看这两种方式有什么不同。

第一种方式:

	//这里设置了contentEncoding 属性
    public void setContentEncoding(final String ceString) {
        Header h = null;
        if (ceString != null) {
            h = new BasicHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_ENCODING, ceString);
        }
        //这里调用了上层的方法
        setContentEncoding(h);
    }

上层AbstractHttpEntity方法

    public void setContentEncoding(final Header contentEncoding) {
        this.contentEncoding = contentEncoding;
    }

第二种方式:

	//这里设置了contentType 属性
    public StringEntity(final String string, final String charset)
            throws UnsupportedCharsetException {
        this(string, ContentType.create(ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN.getMimeType(), charset));
    }
    
    public StringEntity(final String string, final ContentType contentType) throws UnsupportedCharsetException {
        super();
        Args.notNull(string, "Source string");
        Charset charset = contentType != null ? contentType.getCharset() : null;
        if (charset == null) {
            charset = HTTP.DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET;
        }
        this.content = string.getBytes(charset);
        if (contentType != null) {
            setContentType(contentType.toString());
        }
    }

上层AbstractHttpEntity方法

    public void setContentType(final String ctString) {
        Header h = null;
        if (ctString != null) {
            h = new BasicHeader(HTTP.CONTENT_TYPE, ctString);
        }
        setContentType(h);
    }

    public void setContentType(final Header contentType) {
        this.contentType = contentType;
    }

方式一设置属性contentEncoding
方式二设置属性contentType

而这两个属性的区别就在于,将HttpResponse的内容解析出Json的时候,我这边使用了EntityUtils.toString这个方法来解析,这个方法里面是从contentType 获取到编码的设置的,如果没有设置,将会使用默认编码"ISO-8859-1"

private static String toString(
            final HttpEntity entity,
            final ContentType contentType) throws IOException {
        final InputStream inStream = entity.getContent();
        if (inStream == null) {
            return null;
        }
        try {
            //....
            //这里使用charset
            Charset charset = null;
            if (contentType != null) {
                charset = contentType.getCharset();
                if (charset == null) {
                    final ContentType defaultContentType = ContentType.getByMimeType(contentType.getMimeType());
                    charset = defaultContentType != null ? defaultContentType.getCharset() : null;
                }
            }
            if (charset == null) {
                charset = HTTP.DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET;
            }
           //...
        } finally {
            inStream.close();
        }
    }

所以如果没有使用方式二设置charset的话,就会设置为默认编码

其他阅读

Java实现HTTP请求的几种方式-HttpURLConnection(一)
Java实现HTTP请求的几种方式-Apache HttpClient(二)
Java实现HTTP请求的几种方式-RestTemplate(四)
Java实现HTTP请求的几种方式-OKHttp(五)

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