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1.如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机:定位主机上的特定的应用
2.找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输
1.对应问题一: IP和端口号
2.对应问题二: 提供网络通信协议: TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层
1.IP: 唯一的标识 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
2.在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
3.IP分类: IPv4 和 IPv6 ; 万维网和局城网
4.城名:www.baidu.com www.sina.com www.jd.com
www. vip.com
5.本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应者: Localhost
6.如何实例化InetAddress:两个方法: getByName(String host)、getLocalHost()
两个常用方法: getHostName() / getHostAddress()
7.端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程
要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
范围:被规定为一个 16 位的整数 0~65535。
8.端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:
Socket
1.传输层协议中有两个非常重要的协议:
传输控制协议TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
用户数据报协议UDP(User Datagram Protocol)。
2.TCP/IP 以其两个主要协议: 传输控制协议(TCP)和网络互联协议(IP)而得名,实际上是一组协议,包括多个具有不同功能且互为关联的协议。
3.IP(Internet Protocol)协议是网络层的主要协议,支持网间互连的数据通信
4.TCP/P协议模型从更实用的角度出发,形成了高效的四层体系结构,即物理链路层、IP层、传输层和应用层
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/**
* @author YML TYUST-XDU 2019-2026
* @create 2023-09-29 18:21
*/
public class InetAddressTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.10.14");
System.out.println(inet1);
InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
System.out.println(inet2);
InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inet3);
//获取本机IP
InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inet4);
//getHostName()
System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());
//getHostAddress()
System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 实现TCP的网络编程
* 客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上
* @author YML TYUST-XDU 2019-2026
* @create 2023-09-29 18:46
*/
public class TcpTest1 {
//客户端
@Test
public void client ()
{
OutputStream os = null;
Socket socket = null;
try {
//1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
socket = new Socket(inet,8899);
//2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//4.资源的关闭
try {
if (os != null)
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (socket != null)
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//服务端
@Test
public void server(){
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try{
//1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
//2.调用accept()表示来自于客户端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3.获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.读取输入流中的数据
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+"的数据");
}catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 实现TCP的网络编程
* 客户端发送那个文件给服务器,服务器端将文件保存到本地
* @author YML TYUST-XDU 2019-2026
* @create 2023-09-29 19:05
*/
public class TcpTest2 {
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("2.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//5.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
@Test
public void server() throws IOException{
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
Socket socket = ss.accept();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("3.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
}
}
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 实现TCP的网络编程
* 从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地,并返回”发送成功“给客户端
* 并关闭相应的连接。
* @author YML TYUST-XDU 2019-2026
* @create 2023-09-29 19:20
*/
public class TcpTest3 {
@Test
public void client() throws IOException {
//1.
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
//2.
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("2.jpg"));
//4.
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭数据的输出
socket.shutdownOutput();
//5.接收来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
int len1;
while((len1 = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//6.
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
baos.close();
}
@Test
public void server() throws IOException{
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
Socket socket = ss.accept();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("4.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println("图片传输完成!");
//服务器端给客户端反馈
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("猫猫好可爱".getBytes());
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
ss.close();
os.close();
}
}
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
/**
* UDP协议的网络编程
* @author YML TYUST-XDU 2019-2026
* @create 2023-09-29 19:38
*/
public class UDPTest {
//发送端
@Test
public void sender() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹";
byte[]data = str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
//接收端
@Test
public void receiver() throws IOException{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* URL网络编程
* 1.URL:统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址
* 2.格式:
* http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom
* 协议 主机名 端口号 资源地址 参数列表
* @author YML TYUST-XDU 2019-2026
* @create 2023-09-29 19:49
*/
public class URLTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
//Tomcat服务器地址,本机需要安装Tomcat
URL url = new URL("https://image.baidu.com/");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //获取该URL的协议名
System.out.println(url.getHost());//获取该URL的主机名
System.out.println(url.getPort());//获取该URL的端口号
System.out.println(url.getPath());//获取该URL的文件路径
System.out.println(url.getFile());//获取该URL的文件名
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//获取该URL的查询名
}catch(MalformedURLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @author YML TYUST-XDU 2019-2026
* @create 2023-09-29 20:00
*/
public class URLTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
URL url = new URL("https://image.baidu.com/");
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.connect();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("6.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭资源
is.close();
fos.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}