1、声明和初始化数组
const array = Array(5).fill('');
// 输出
(5) ["", "", "", "", ""]
const matrix = Array(5).fill(0).map(() => Array(5).fill(0))
// 输出
(5) [Array(5), Array(5), Array(5), Array(5), Array(5)]
0: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
1: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
2: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
3: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
4: (5) [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
length: 5
2、求和，最小值和最大值
const array = [5,4,7,8,9,2];
求和
array.reduce((a,b) => a+b);
// 输出: 35
最大值
array.reduce((a,b) => a>b?a:b);
// 输出: 9
最小值
array.reduce((a,b) => a
// 输出: 2
3、排序字符串，数字或对象等数组
3.1字符串数组排序
const stringArr = ["Joe", "Kapil", "Steve", "Musk"]
stringArr.sort();
// 输出
(4) ["Joe", "Kapil", "Musk", "Steve"]
stringArr.reverse();
// 输出
(4) ["Steve", "Musk", "Kapil", "Joe"]
3.2数字数组排序
const array = [40, 100, 1, 5, 25, 10];
array.sort((a,b) => a-b);
// 输出
(6) [1, 5, 10, 25, 40, 100]
array.sort((a,b) => b-a);
// 输出
(6) [100, 40, 25, 10, 5, 1]
3.3对象数组排序
const objectArr = [
{ first_name: 'Lazslo', last_name: 'Jamf' },
{ first_name: 'Pig', last_name: 'Bodine' },
{ first_name: 'Pirate', last_name: 'Prentice' }
];
objectArr.sort((a, b) => a.last_name.localeCompare(b.last_name));
// 输出
(3) [{…}, {…}, {…}]
0: {first_name: "Pig", last_name: "Bodine"}
1: {first_name: "Lazslo", last_name: "Jamf"}
2: {first_name: "Pirate", last_name: "Prentice"}
length: 3
4、从数组中过滤到虚值
const array = [3, 0, 6, 7, '', false];
array.filter(Boolean);
// 输出
[3, 6, 7]
5、使用逻辑运算符处理需要条件判断的情况
function doSomething(arg1){
arg1 = arg1 || 10;
// 如果arg1没有值，则取默认值 10
}
let foo = 10;
foo === 10 && doSomething();
// 如果 foo 等于 10，刚执行 doSomething();
// 输出: 10
foo === 5 || doSomething();
// is the same thing as if (foo != 5) then doSomething();
// Output: 10
6、去除重复值
const array = [5,4,7,8,9,2,7,5];
array.filter((item,idx,arr) => arr.indexOf(item) === idx);
// or
const nonUnique = [...new Set(array)];
// Output: [5, 4, 7, 8, 9, 2]
7、创建一个计数器对象或 Map
let string = 'kapilalipak';
const table={};
for(let char of string) {
table[char]=table[char]+1 || 1;
}
// 输出
{k: 2, a: 3, p: 2, i: 2, l: 2}
或者
const countMap = new Map();
for (let i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
if (countMap.has(string[i])) {
countMap.set(string[i], countMap.get(string[i]) + 1);
} else {
countMap.set(string[i], 1);
}
}
// 输出
Map(5) {"k" => 2, "a" => 3, "p" => 2, "i" => 2, "l" => 2}
8、三元运算符很酷
function Fever(temp) {
return temp > 97 ? 'Visit Doctor!'
: temp < 97 ? 'Go Out and Play!!'
: temp === 97 ? 'Take Some Rest!': 'Go Out and Play!';;
}
// 输出
Fever(97): "Take Some Rest!"
Fever(100): "Visit Doctor!"
9、循环方法的比较
for 和 for..in 默认获取索引，但你可以使用arr[index]。
for..in也接受非数字，所以要避免使用。
forEach, for...of 直接得到元素。
forEach 也可以得到索引，但 for...of 不行。
10、合并两个对象
const user = {
name: 'Kapil Raghuwanshi',
gender: 'Male'
};
const college = {
primary: 'Mani Primary School',
secondary: 'Lass Secondary School'
};
const skills = {
programming: 'Extreme',
swimming: 'Average',
sleeping: 'Pro'
};
const summary = {...user, ...college, ...skills};
// 合并多个对象
gender: "Male"
name: "Kapil Raghuwanshi"
primary: "Mani Primary School"
programming: "Extreme"
secondary: "Lass Secondary School"
sleeping: "Pro"
swimming: "Average"
11、箭头函数
const person = {
name: 'Kapil',
sayName() {
return this.name;
}
}
person.sayName();
// 输出
"Kapil"
但是这样：
const person = {
name: 'Kapil',
sayName : () => {
return this.name;
}
}
person.sayName();
// Output
"
12、可选的链
const user = {
employee: {
name: "Kapil"
}
};
user.employee?.name;
// Output: "Kapil"
user.employ?.name;
// Output: undefined
user.employ.name
// 输出: VM21616:1 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined
13、洗牌一个数组
const list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
list.sort(() => {
return Math.random() - 0.5;
});
// 输出
(9) [2, 5, 1, 6, 9, 8, 4, 3, 7]
// 输出
(9) [4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 8, 2, 9, 6]
14、双问号语法
const foo = null ?? 'my school';
// 输出: "my school"
const baz = 0 ?? 42;
// 输出: 0
15、剩余和展开语法
function myFun(a, b, ...manyMoreArgs) {
return arguments.length;
}
myFun("one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six");
// 输出: 6
和
const parts = ['shoulders', 'knees'];
const lyrics = ['head', ...parts, 'and', 'toes'];
lyrics;
// 输出:
(5) ["head", "shoulders", "knees", "and", "toes"]
16、默认参数
const search = (arr, low=0,high=arr.length-1) => {
return high;
}
search([1,2,3,4,5]);
// 输出: 4
17、将十进制转换为二进制或十六进制
const num = 10;
num.toString(2);
// 输出: "1010"
num.toString(16);
// 输出: "a"
num.toString(8);
// 输出: "12"
18、使用解构来交换两个数
let a = 5;
let b = 8;
[a,b] = [b,a]
[a,b]
// 输出
(2) [8, 5]
19、单行的回文数检查
function checkPalindrome(str) {
return str == str.split('').reverse().join('');
}
checkPalindrome('naman');
// 输出: true
20、将Object属性转换为属性数组
const obj = { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 };
Object.entries(obj);
// Output
(3) [Array(2), Array(2), Array(2)]
0: (2) ["a", 1]
1: (2) ["b", 2]
2: (2) ["c", 3]
length: 3
Object.keys(obj);
(3) ["a", "b", "c"]
Object.values(obj);
(3) [1, 2, 3]