编写程序展示一个学校院系结构:需求是这样,要在一个页面中展示出学校的院系组成,一个学校有多个学院, 一个学院有多个系。如图:
迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern)是常用的设计模式,属于行为型模式
如果我们的集合元素是用不同的方式实现的,有数组,还有 java 的集合类,或者还有其他方式,当客户端要遍 历这些集合元素的时候就要使用多种遍历方式,而且还会暴露元素的内部结构,可以考虑使用迭代器模式解决。
迭代器模式,提供一种遍历集合元素的统一接口,用一致的方法遍历集合元素,不需要知道集合对象的底层表示,即:不暴露其内部的结构。
Iterator:迭代器接口,是系统提供,含义 hasNext, next, remove
ConcreteIterator:具体的迭代器类,管理迭代
Aggregate:一个统一的聚合接口, 将客户端和具体聚合解耦
ConcreteAggreage:具体的聚合持有对象集合, 并提供一个方法,返回一个迭代器, 该迭代器可以正确遍历集合
Client:客户端, 通过 Iterator 和 Aggregate 依赖子
编写程序展示一个学校院系结构:需求是这样,要在一个页面中展示出学校的院系组成,一个学校有多个学院, 一个学院有多个系。
package com.atguigu.iterator;
//ϵ
public class Department {
private String name;
private String desc;
public Department(String name, String desc) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.desc = desc;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}
package com.atguigu.iterator;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class ComputerCollege implements College {
Department[] departments;
int numOfDepartment = 0 ;// 保存当前数组的对象个数
public ComputerCollege() {
departments = new Department[5];
addDepartment("Java专业", " Java专业 ");
addDepartment("PHP专业", " PHP专业 ");
addDepartment("大数据专业", " 大数据专业 ");
}
@Override
public String getName() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "计算机学院";
}
@Override
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Department department = new Department(name, desc);
departments[numOfDepartment] = department;
numOfDepartment += 1;
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new ComputerCollegeIterator(departments);
}
}
package com.atguigu.iterator;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class InfoCollege implements College {
List departmentList;
public InfoCollege() {
departmentList = new ArrayList();
addDepartment("信息安全专业", " 信息安全专业 ");
addDepartment("网络安全专业", " 网络安全专业 ");
addDepartment("服务器安全专业", " 服务器安全专业 ");
}
@Override
public String getName() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return "信息工程学院";
}
@Override
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Department department = new Department(name, desc);
departmentList.add(department);
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new InfoColleageIterator(departmentList);
}
}
package com.atguigu.iterator;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class ComputerCollegeIterator implements Iterator {
//这里我们需要Department 是以怎样的方式存放=>数组
Department[] departments;
int position = 0; //遍历的位置
public ComputerCollegeIterator(Department[] departments) {
this.departments = departments;
}
//判断是否还有下一个元素
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(position >= departments.length || departments[position] == null) {
return false;
}else {
return true;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Department department = departments[position];
position += 1;
return department;
}
//删除的方法,默认空实现
public void remove() {
}
}
package com.atguigu.iterator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class InfoColleageIterator implements Iterator {
List departmentList; // 信息工程学院是以List方式存放系
int index = -1;//索引
public InfoColleageIterator(List departmentList) {
this.departmentList = departmentList;
}
//判断list中还有没有下一个元素
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if (index >= departmentList.size() - 1) {
return false;
} else {
index += 1;
return true;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return departmentList.get(index);
}
//空实现remove
public void remove() {
}
}
package com.atguigu.iterator;
import java.util.Iterator;
public interface College {
public String getName();
//增加系的方法
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc);
//返回一个迭代器,遍历
public Iterator createIterator();
}
package com.atguigu.iterator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class OutPutImpl {
//学院集合
List collegeList;
public OutPutImpl(List collegeList) {
this.collegeList = collegeList;
}
//遍历所有学院,然后调用printDepartment 输出各个学院的系
public void printCollege() {
//从collegeList 取出所有学院, Java 中的 List 已经实现Iterator
Iterator iterator = collegeList.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
//取出一个学院
College college = iterator.next();
System.out.println("=== " + college.getName() + "=====");
printDepartment(college.createIterator()); //得到对应迭代器
}
}
//输出 学院输出 系
public void printDepartment(Iterator iterator) {
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Department d = (Department) iterator.next();
System.out.println(d.getName());
}
}
}
package com.atguigu.iterator;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//创建学院
List collegeList = new ArrayList();
ComputerCollege computerCollege = new ComputerCollege();
InfoCollege infoCollege = new InfoCollege();
collegeList.add(computerCollege);
//collegeList.add(infoCollege);
OutPutImpl outPutImpl = new OutPutImpl(collegeList);
outPutImpl.printCollege();
}
}
每个聚合对象都要一个迭代器,会生成多个迭代器不好管理类