有关学习、自控力、专注力、记忆力的书籍
普通的/平凡的
mediocre,second-rate, average, indifferent, inferior, middling, ordinary,pedestrian,undistinguished
鸿沟/差距gulf,discrepancy,chasm, abyss
阻碍stymie，hamper, hinder, obstruct, inhibit, frustrate, thwart
time constraint
masquerade伪装
Shallow understandings masquerading deep ones is very common.
a novice can quickly get to the cutting edge
1.join communities with right characteristics
（eg：加入和你有共同目标，比如一起想练口语的社区）go to environments where incentives align with improving the skill you want.
If you want to learn a language, the best way is through immersion. This is because having an environment which necessitates non-stop practice makes learning so much easier than one where practice is always a deliberate effort.
2.少量多次
More exposures to information , separated in time, will result in better retention than if you cram them in one burst.（比一次性狂记要好）
表达：
表现稍逊slightly underperforming
不协调，跟不上节奏
out of sync, not on the rhythm
4.13
1.It's comforting to see when the experience I've gained from my own learning challenges converge on the serious work scientists are doing to understand the brains and how we learn.
It's comforting to …
converge 观点趋同【写作】
2.Sustained hard work can help set off your own exponential growth of learning in a domain as well.
3.However, genes only created a small head start.（用在天赋与后天努力的话题）
Intelligence is malleable.智力是后天可塑的。
Innate differences do matter and some people are born with more talent than others.
Intelligence is partially genetic and partially environmental.
＃基因和环境
4.bear out证实
Twin studies and natural experiments seemed to bear that out.
A and B bear little resemblance 不相像
painfully dull
build scaffolding to support new ideas
mentally prime … to精神上做好准备做……
to prepare someone for a situation so that they know what to do使准备好〔应付某个情况〕
prime sb to do sth.
5.学习策略tactics
paraphrasing with sparse notes while reading（根据少量笔记复述）
the Feynmen technique费曼技巧
taking pause during reading session to quickly recap what you just read.
take precedence / the top priority
6.如果是你不喜欢的科目/事……
（对其充满好奇心和提出问题；将其和你在意的东西联系起来）
a.hunt for questions
b.deliberately connect it to things you care about
Curiosity is the antidote to boredom, but if you don't cultivate curiosity about a subject, you can't blame it later for being boring…
Review:比如我们可以了解这个领域有哪些应用和成果，还需要解决什么问题，借助什么资料，哪些方面与我们生活相关，可以让我们对它有多维的认识。
negate the potential to…
emotional regulation
be more amenable to improvements
7.
The person who walks by looks familiar, but you forget where you met him/her.
set up for peak performance
no all-nighters, no last-minute cramming（不熬夜，不抱佛脚）
4.16
自控力部分
x give preference to the wants and needs of your current self
a wide collection of snacks
Make temptation less tempting or the goal more motivating.
pair indulgence with you want-to goals
（比如，想要坚持跑步，可以配上【听音乐/英语/各种音频】）
start thinking like a runner, if you want to go jogging regularly.
broad-bracketing
future connectedness
muster up sufficient psychological resources
self-affirmation（自我暗示）
eg: I am capable of change, even if it is difficult（积极的自我暗示）
a series of "why"questions
vicious, virtuous
lead lives devoid of all pleasure（过度、不提倡）
have a sedentary lifestyle
excessive work
succumb to temptation
commitment contracts（有点像定下契约的那种， 打卡退保证金的形式）
pamper oneself
The sight of… (cakes )makes one's mouth water（描述食物好吃的表达）
myopia短视的
hyperopia, productivity-oriented at all cost
make your memory more robust
记忆力部分
（编码encoding、储存storage、提取retrieval）
1.深加工信息（ pay attention to deeper meaning，make connections with what you already know， paraphrasing）
相似环境学习/增强在不同环境的适应性
The recall strategy is superior to recognition
多用回想策略
2.储存
保证充足的睡眠+午休power nap
间隔练习space out your practice
3.如何提取
More connections help（回想相关的概念）
Plan ahead and visualize the context
Practice testing练习测试