08 创建型模式-工厂模式
1.定义
2.案例场景
为了让我们的案例更加贴近实际开发, 这里我们来模拟一下互联网电商中
促销拉新下的业务场景, 新用户注册立即参与抽奖活动 ,奖品的种类有: 打折券,
免费优酷会员,小礼品
(1)不考虑设计原则,不使用设计模式的方式进行开发,代码如下：
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 获奖信息实体类
**/
public class AwardInfo {
private String uid; //用户id
private Integer awardTypes; //奖品类型: 1 打折券 ,2 优酷会员 , 3 小礼品
private String awardNumber; //奖品编号
private Map<String,String> extMap; //额外信息
public AwardInfo() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "AwardInfo{" +
"uid='" + uid + '\'' +
", awardTypes=" + awardTypes +
", awardNumber='" + awardNumber + '\'' +
", extMap=" + extMap +
'}';
}
public String getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(String uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public Integer getAwardTypes() {
return awardTypes;
}
public void setAwardTypes(Integer awardTypes) {
this.awardTypes = awardTypes;
}
public String getAwardNumber() {
return awardNumber;
}
public void setAwardNumber(String awardNumber) {
this.awardNumber = awardNumber;
}
public Map<String, String> getExtMap() {
return extMap;
}
public void setExtMap(Map<String, String> extMap) {
this.extMap = extMap;
}
}
/**
* 打折券信息实体类
**/
public class DiscountInfo {
//属性信息省略......
}
/**
* 优酷会员实体类
**/
public class YouKuMember {
//属性信息省略
}
/**
* 小礼品实体类
**/
public class SmallGiftInfo {
private String userName;
private String userPhone;
private String orderId;
private String address;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "SmallGiftInfo{" +
"userName='" + userName + '\'' +
", userPhone='" + userPhone + '\'' +
", orderId='" + orderId + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPhone() {
return userPhone;
}
public void setUserPhone(String userPhone) {
this.userPhone = userPhone;
}
public String getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(String orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
/**
* 打折券响应信息封装实体类
**/
public class DiscountResult {
private String status; //状态码
private String message; //信息
public DiscountResult(String status, String message) {
this.status = status;
this.message = message;
}
public String getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
2)服务层:
/**
* 打折券服务
**/
public class DiscountService {
public DiscountResult sendDiscount(String uid, String awardNumber){
System.out.println("向用户发送一张打折券: " + uid + " , " + awardNumber);
return new DiscountResult("200","发放打折券成功!");
}
}
/**
* 小礼品服务
**/
public class SmallGiftService {
public Boolean giveSmallGift(SmallGiftInfo smallGiftInfo){
System.out.println("小礼品已发送,获奖用户注意查收! " + JSON.toJSON(smallGiftInfo));
return true;
}
}
/**
* 优酷会员
**/
public class YouKuMemberService {
public void openMember(String bindMobile, String awardNumber){
System.out.println("发放优酷会员: " + bindMobile + " , " + awardNumber);
}
}
3) 控制层
/**
* 发放奖品接口
**/
public class DeliverController {
/**
* 按照类型的不同发放奖品
* 奖品类型: 1 打折券 ,2 优酷会员 , 3 小礼品, 4 优惠券
* @param awardInfo
*/
public void awardToUser(AwardInfo awardInfo){
if(awardInfo.getAwardTypes() == 1){ //打折券
DiscountService discountService = new DiscountService();
DiscountResult discountResult = discountService.sendDiscount(awardInfo.getUid(), awardInfo.getAwardNumber());
System.out.println("打折券发放成功!" + discountResult );
}else if(awardInfo.getAwardTypes() == 2){//优酷会员
String phone = awardInfo.getExtMap().get("phone");
YouKuMemberService youKuMemberService = new YouKuMemberService();
youKuMemberService.openMember(phone,awardInfo.getAwardNumber());
System.out.println("优酷会员发放成功!");
} else if(awardInfo.getAwardTypes() == 3){//小礼品
//封装收获人信息
SmallGiftInfo info = new SmallGiftInfo();
info.setUserPhone(awardInfo.getExtMap().get("phone"));
info.setUserName(awardInfo.getExtMap().get("username"));
info.setAddress(awardInfo.getExtMap().get("address"));
info.setOrderId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
SmallGiftService smallGiftService = new SmallGiftService();
Boolean aBoolean = smallGiftService.giveSmallGift(info);
if(aBoolean){
System.out.println("小礼品发放成功!");
}
}
}
}
4) 测试
通过单元测试,来对上面的接口进行测试,验证代码质量
public class TestApi01 {
DeliverController deliverController = new DeliverController();
//测试发放奖品接口
@Test
public void test01(){
//1. 发放打折券优惠
AwardInfo info1 = new AwardInfo();
info1.setUid("1001");
info1.setAwardTypes(1);
info1.setAwardNumber("DEL12345");
deliverController.awardToUser(info1);
}
@Test
public void test02(){
//2. 发放优酷会员
AwardInfo info2 = new AwardInfo();
info2.setUid("1002");
info2.setAwardTypes(2);
info2.setAwardNumber("DW12345");
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("phone","13512341234");
info2.setExtMap(map);
deliverController.awardToUser(info2);
}
@Test
public void test03(){
//2. 发放小礼品
AwardInfo info3 = new AwardInfo();
info3.setUid("1003");
info3.setAwardTypes(3);
info3.setAwardNumber("SM12345");
Map<String,String> map2 = new HashMap<>();
map2.put("username","大远");
map2.put("phone","13512341234");
map2.put("address","北京天安门");
info3.setExtMap(map2);
deliverController.awardToUser(info3);
}
}
对于上面的实现方式,如果我们有想要添加的新的奖品时,势必要改动
DeliverController的代码,违反开闭原则.而且如果有的抽奖接口出现问题,那么对
其进行重构的成本会非常高.
除此之外代码中有一组if分支判断逻辑,现在看起来还可以,但是如果经历几次迭
代和拓展,后续ifelse肯定还会增加.到时候接手这段代码的研发将会十分痛苦.