RxSwift之Subject

RxSwift之Subject

在 RxsWift 中还有一种非常特殊的序列 Subject - 即公也为受。Subject是一个代理,它既是Observer,也是Observable。

PublishSubject

PublishSubject 只对观察者发送订阅后产生的元素,而在订阅前发出的元素将不会发送给观察者。如果你希望观察者接收到所有的元素,你可以通过使用 Observable 的 create 方法来创建 Observable,或者使用 ReplaySubject。


PublishSubject.jpg

如果源 Observable 因为产生了一个 error 事件而中止, PublishSubject 就不会发出任何元素,而是将这个 error 事件发送出来。


PublishSubject.jpg

demo

//1:初始化一个PublishSubject 装着Int类型的序列
let publishSub = PublishSubject() 
// 2:发送响应序列
publishSub.onNext(1)
// 3:订阅序列
publishSub.subscribe { print("订阅到了:",$0)}
    .disposed(by: disposbag)
// 再次发送响应
publishSub.onNext(2)
publishSub.onNext(3)

输出:
订阅到了: next(2)
订阅到了: next(3)

解析

public final class PublishSubject
    : Observable
    , SubjectType
    , Cancelable
    , ObserverType
    , SynchronizedUnsubscribeType {

    typealias Observers = AnyObserver.s
    private var _observers = Observers()
    
    public func on(_ event: Event) {
        ......
        dispatch(self._synchronized_on(event), event)
    }

    func _synchronized_on(_ event: Event) -> Observers {
        self._lock.lock(); defer { self._lock.unlock() }
        switch event {
        case .next:
            if self._isDisposed || self._stopped {
                return Observers()
            }
            
            return self._observers
        case .completed, .error:
            if self._stoppedEvent == nil {
                self._stoppedEvent = event
                self._stopped = true
                let observers = self._observers
                self._observers.removeAll()
                return observers
            }

            return Observers()
        }
    }
    
    public override func subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == Element {
        self._lock.lock()
        let subscription = self._synchronized_subscribe(observer)
        self._lock.unlock()
        return subscription
    }

    func _synchronized_subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == E {
        ......
        let key = self._observers.insert(observer.on)
        return SubscriptionDisposable(owner: self, key: key)
    }
}

源序列订阅时会把observer.on通过insert函数装进袋子里,_observers就是Bag

extension AnyObserver {
    typealias s = Bag<(Event) -> Void>
}

发出信号时,遍历袋子中的.on去响应

func dispatch(_ bag: Bag<(Event) -> Void>, _ event: Event) {
    bag._value0?(event)

    if bag._onlyFastPath {
        return
    }

    let pairs = bag._pairs
    for i in 0 ..< pairs.count {
        pairs[i].value(event)
    }

    if let dictionary = bag._dictionary {
        for element in dictionary.values {
            element(event)
        }
    }
}

订阅之前发出的信号,没有装进袋子,也无法作出响应。

BehaviorSubject

当观察者对 BehaviorSubject 进行订阅时,它会将源 Observable 中最新的元素发送出来(如果不存在最新的元素,就发出默认元素)。然后将随后产生的元素发送出来。

BehaviorSubject.jpg

如果源 Observable 因为产生了一个 error 事件而中止, BehaviorSubject 就不会发出任何元素,而是将这个 error 事件发送出来。

BehaviorSubject.jpg

demo

// 1:创建序列
let behaviorSub = BehaviorSubject.init(value: 100)
// 2:发送信号
behaviorSub.onNext(2)
behaviorSub.onNext(3)
// 3:订阅序列
behaviorSub.subscribe{ print("订阅到了:",$0)}
    .disposed(by: disposbag)
// 再次发送
behaviorSub.onNext(4)
behaviorSub.onNext(5)
// 再次订阅
behaviorSub.subscribe{ print("订阅到了:",$0)}
    .disposed(by: disposbag)
    
输出:
订阅到了: next(3)
订阅到了: next(4)
订阅到了: next(5)
订阅到了: next(5)

解析

public final class BehaviorSubject
    : Observable
    , SubjectType
    , ObserverType
    , SynchronizedUnsubscribeType
    , Cancelable {

    public init(value: Element) {
        self._element = value
    }
    
    public func on(_ event: Event) {
        。。。。。。
        dispatch(self._synchronized_on(event), event)
    }

    func _synchronized_on(_ event: Event) -> Observers {
        self._lock.lock(); defer { self._lock.unlock() }
        if self._stoppedEvent != nil || self._isDisposed {
            return Observers()
        }
        
        switch event {
        case .next(let element):
            self._element = element
        case .error, .completed:
            self._stoppedEvent = event
        }
        
        return self._observers
    }
    
    public override func subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == Element {
        self._lock.lock()
        let subscription = self._synchronized_subscribe(observer)
        self._lock.unlock()
        return subscription
    }

    func _synchronized_subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == E {
        。。。。。。
        let key = self._observers.insert(observer.on)
        observer.on(.next(self._element))
    
        return SubscriptionDisposable(owner: self, key: key)
    }
}

订阅时除了把observer.on装进袋子外,还直接用.next发送了默认元素_element。发出信号时,先更新默认元素self._element = element,然后再同步发出信号。

ReplaySubject

ReplaySubject 将对观察者发送全部的元素,无论观察者是何时进行订阅的。

这里存在多个版本的 ReplaySubject,有的只会将最新的 n 个元素发送给观察者,有的只会将限制时间段内最新的元素发送给观察者。

如果把 ReplaySubject 当作观察者来使用,注意不要在多个线程调用 onNext, onError 或 onCompleted。这样会导致无序调用,将造成意想不到的结果。

ReplaySubject.jpg

demo

ReplaySubject 有两种构建可以指定bufferSize,也可以不做限制createUnbounded

// 1:创建序列
let replaySub = ReplaySubject.create(bufferSize: 2)
// let replaySub = ReplaySubject.createUnbounded()

// 2:发送信号
replaySub.onNext(1)
replaySub.onNext(2)
replaySub.onNext(3)
replaySub.onNext(4)

// 3:订阅序列
replaySub.subscribe{ print("订阅到了:",$0)}
    .disposed(by: disposbag)
// 再次发送
replaySub.onNext(7)
replaySub.onNext(8)
replaySub.onNext(9)

输出:
订阅到了: next(3)
订阅到了: next(4)
订阅到了: next(7)
订阅到了: next(8)
订阅到了: next(9)

解析

public class ReplaySubject
    : Observable
    , SubjectType
    , ObserverType
    , Disposable {

    typealias Observers = AnyObserver.s
    typealias DisposeKey = Observers.KeyType
    fileprivate var _observers = Observers()

    public static func create(bufferSize: Int) -> ReplaySubject {
        if bufferSize == 1 {
            return ReplayOne()
        } else {
            return ReplayMany(bufferSize: bufferSize)
        }
    }
    public static func createUnbounded() -> ReplaySubject {
        return ReplayAll()
    }
}

ReplaySubject只是个外部类,会根据不通的构建方式去分流给基类(子类)ReplayBufferBaseReplayOneReplayManyReplayAll)。

ReplayBufferBase

private class ReplayBufferBase
    : ReplaySubject
    , SynchronizedUnsubscribeType {
    
    override func on(_ event: Event) {
        。。。。。。
        dispatch(self._synchronized_on(event), event)
    }

    func _synchronized_on(_ event: Event) -> Observers {
        self._lock.lock(); defer { self._lock.unlock() }
        if self._isDisposed {
            return Observers()
        }
        
        if self._isStopped {
            return Observers()
        }
        
        switch event {
        case .next(let element):
            self.addValueToBuffer(element)
            self.trim()
            return self._observers
        case .error, .completed:
            self._stoppedEvent = event
            self.trim()
            let observers = self._observers
            self._observers.removeAll()
            return observers
        }
    }
    
    override func subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == Element {
        self._lock.lock()
        let subscription = self._synchronized_subscribe(observer)
        self._lock.unlock()
        return subscription
    }

    func _synchronized_subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == E {
        if self._isDisposed {
            observer.on(.error(RxError.disposed(object: self)))
            return Disposables.create()
        }
     
        let anyObserver = observer.asObserver()
        self.replayBuffer(anyObserver)
        
        if let stoppedEvent = self._stoppedEvent {
            observer.on(stoppedEvent)
            return Disposables.create()
        }
        else {
            let key = self._observers.insert(observer.on)
            return SubscriptionDisposable(owner: self, key: key)
        }
    }
}

基类ReplayBufferBase的实现中在订阅装袋前会让各子类处理自己的replayBuffer函数,其实就是遍历发送Queue里面的元素(Queue 是个自定义的 Sequence,FIFO队列)。在on中就是把所有需要.next类型的元素通过各子类的addValueToBuffer进行入队操作,同时用trim做删减更新。

订阅者仍然是由Bag管理,元素则由Queue管理。元素的数量是bufferSize指定的,如果是 1 的话,用个属性赋值就够了,多个才需要Queue

ReplayOne

访问_value来操作元素。

fileprivate final class ReplayOne : ReplayBufferBase {
    private var _value: Element?
    
    override func addValueToBuffer(_ value: Element) {
        self._value = value
    }

    override func replayBuffer(_ observer: O) where O.E == Element {
        if let value = self._value {
            observer.on(.next(value))
        }
    }
}

ReplayMany

ReplayManyReplayAll都是ReplayManyBase的子类。

private class ReplayManyBase: ReplayBufferBase {
    fileprivate var _queue: Queue
    
    init(queueSize: Int) {
        self._queue = Queue(capacity: queueSize + 1)
    }
    
    override func addValueToBuffer(_ value: Element) {
        self._queue.enqueue(value)
    }

    override func replayBuffer(_ observer: O) where O.E == Element {
        for item in self._queue {
            observer.on(.next(item))
        }
    }
}

fileprivate final class ReplayMany : ReplayManyBase {
    private let _bufferSize: Int
    
    init(bufferSize: Int) {
        self._bufferSize = bufferSize
        super.init(queueSize: bufferSize)
    }
    
    override func trim() {
        while self._queue.count > self._bufferSize {
            _ = self._queue.dequeue()
        }
    }
}

ReplayAll

fileprivate final class ReplayAll : ReplayManyBase {
    init() {
        super.init(queueSize: 0)
    }
    
    override func trim() {
        
    }
}

AsyncSubject

AsyncSubject 将在源 Observable 产生完成事件后,发出最后一个元素(仅仅只有最后一个元素),如果源 Observable 没有发出任何元素,只有一个完成事件。那 AsyncSubject 也只有一个完成事件。


AsyncSubject.jpg

它会对随后的观察者发出最终元素。如果源 Observable 因为产生了一个 error 事件而中止, AsyncSubject 就不会发出任何元素,而是将这个 error 事件发送出来。


AsyncSubject.jpg

demo

// 1:创建序列
let asynSub = AsyncSubject.init()
// 2:发送信号
asynSub.onNext(1)
asynSub.onNext(2)
// 3:订阅序列
asynSub.subscribe{ print("订阅到了:",$0)}
    .disposed(by: disposbag)
// 再次发送
asynSub.onNext(3)
asynSub.onNext(4)
asynSub.onError(NSError.init(domain: "❌", code: 120, userInfo: "急救中心"))
asynSub.onCompleted()

输出:
订阅到了: error(Error Domain=❌ Code=120 "急救中心")

解析

public final class AsyncSubject
    : Observable
    , SubjectType
    , ObserverType
    , SynchronizedUnsubscribeType {
    
    typealias Observers = AnyObserver.s
    private var _lastElement: Element?

    public func on(_ event: Event) {
        #if DEBUG
            self._synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
            defer { self._synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
        #endif
        let (observers, event) = self._synchronized_on(event)
        switch event {
        case .next:
            dispatch(observers, event)
            dispatch(observers, .completed)
        case .completed:
            dispatch(observers, event)
        case .error:
            dispatch(observers, event)
        }
    }

    func _synchronized_on(_ event: Event) -> (Observers, Event) {
        self._lock.lock(); defer { self._lock.unlock() }
        if self._isStopped {
            return (Observers(), .completed)
        }

        switch event {
        case .next(let element):
            self._lastElement = element
            return (Observers(), .completed)
        case .error:
            self._stoppedEvent = event

            let observers = self._observers
            self._observers.removeAll()

            return (observers, event)
        case .completed:
            let observers = self._observers
            self._observers.removeAll()

            if let lastElement = self._lastElement {
                self._stoppedEvent = .next(lastElement)
                return (observers, .next(lastElement))
            } else {
                self._stoppedEvent = event
                return (observers, .completed)
            }
        }
    }

    public override func subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == Element {
        self._lock.lock(); defer { self._lock.unlock() }
        return self._synchronized_subscribe(observer)
    }

    func _synchronized_subscribe(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == E {
        if let stoppedEvent = self._stoppedEvent {
            ......
        }

        let key = self._observers.insert(observer.on)

        return SubscriptionDisposable(owner: self, key: key)
    }
}

AsyncSubject订阅时仍然是装袋管理,但响应的时候,_synchronized_on函数中,如果是.next就只更新最后一个元素:self._lastElement = element,并返回一个空袋子:return (Observers(), .completed)。只对.completed.error才返回订阅时的袋子容器self._observers。所以,onnext 的时候没有任何反应,error 和 completed 才会有响应。并且是最后一个元素。

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