高考语法复习系列 被动语态

被动语态考查要点简述

被动语态的构成方式:be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。

1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。

①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.

I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.

②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。

The boss made him work all day long.

He was made to work all day long(by the boss)

③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。

The children were taken good care of (by her).

Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。

⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:

People say he is a smart boy.

It is said that he is a smart boy.

He is said to be a smart boy.

 

People know paper was made in China first.

It is known that paper was made in China first.

Paper was known to be made in China first.

类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …

(2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。

①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。

②表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。

③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。

④表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。

⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。

⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。

(3)主动形式表被动意义。

①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。

This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。

These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。

My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。

The door won’t lock.门锁不上。

The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。

②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。

The plan worked out successfully.

The lamps on the wall turn off.

③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。

⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。

This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.

The girl isn’t easy to get along with.

另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。

(4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。

①be seated坐着

He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。

②be hidden躲藏

He was hidden behind the door. (He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。

③be lost迷路

④be drunk喝醉

⑤be dressed穿着

The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.

(5)被动语态与系表结构的区别

被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如:

The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态)

The book is well sold. (系表结构

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.

A. will request                   B.are requested        

C.are requesting                 D.request

解析:答案为B。此题的时态是不难判断的,因为说的是一条规定,所以用一般现在时,而visitor与request之间是动宾关系,即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢?不清楚,也不必知道,因此需要用被动语态。分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键。

2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.

 A. is changing                    B.has changed       

C.will have changed               D.will change

解析:答案为A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法。句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事,因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况,而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态,不是在过去,也不是在将来,因此只能用现在进行时表达。

3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed                       B.complete

C.had been completed               D.have been completed

解析:答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知,一切准备工作已经就绪,可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词,与句子的主语是被动关系,所以需要用被动语态表达。注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系;②结合语境选择正确时态。

4. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I      half of it.

A. was missing      B. had missed    C. will miss      D. missed

解析:答案为D。本句考时态和语境。全句意思是;我的心没在他说的话上,所以恐怕他说的话我有一半没听到。整个事情是过去的事,且是做过的事,所以选一般过去时D。

5. The discussion          alive when an interesting topic was brought in.

A. was coming      B. had come      C. has come      D. came

解析:答案为D。come alive“变得活跃”。照顾时间状语从句时态一致时。

6.—I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.

—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she          ?

A. was leaving    B. had left        C. has left       D. left

解析:答案为D。考查动词时态,由现完成时的用法,可知动作发生在过去,故选D。

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