Submarine deal

What does the Australian submarine deal mean for non-proliferation?

澳大利亚核潜艇协议对“国际核不扩散努力”意味着什么?


A new trilateral defence pact, AUKUS, announced on September 15th, will involve far-reaching defence co-operation between America, Australia and Britain. The group's first initiative, and its most important, will be American and British assistance to Australia in building a fleet of at least eight nuclear-powered submarines.

9 月 15 日,一个新的三边安全机制——美英澳联盟(AUKUS)——宣布建立,美国、澳大利亚和英国将深化彼此在安全防务方面的合作。该联盟首个、同时也是最重要的一个举措,是美、英两国帮助澳大利亚打造一支至少由 8 艘核潜艇组成的舰队。

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"This technology is extremely sensitive," acknowledged an American official. Nuclear-powered subs are sensitive not just because of their range, speed and stealthiness. It is also because they are powered with the same stuff that is used in bombs — enriched uranium.

“这项技术极其敏感,”一位美国官员坦白道。核潜艇之所以敏感,不仅因为其续航久、速度快,且拥有很强的隐蔽性;还因为其动力来源与制造核武器使用的是同一种东西——浓缩铀。

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The Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) forbids signatories who don't already have a bomb from making one. It also says they must put sensitive nuclear material, like enriched uranium, under international safeguards, monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). But the rules have a submarine-shaped loophole. States are allowed to remove nuclear material from safeguards if they are for "a non-proscribed military activity", such as submarine propulsion.

《不扩散核武器条约》禁止无核武器的缔约国制造核武器;并规定缔约国须将浓缩铀等敏感的核原料置于国际安全保障之下,受国际原子能机构(IAEA)监管。然而,该条约的规定存在一个“潜艇级”大漏洞:若缔约国的核原料是用于“禁令以外的军事活动”(如核潜艇动力推动)的,那么它们将不必置于国际安全监管之下。

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Most non-proliferation advocates are not terribly worried about Australia building a nuke. They are more concerned that the spread of nuclear-submarine technology and fuel for propulsion reactors sets a dangerous precedent that will be exploited by others. Countries that do want nuclear weapons might see submarines as a convenient excuse for making or acquiring bomb-usable HEU, out of sight of pesky inspectors.

让大多数“不扩散核武器”倡导者无比在意的并不是澳大利亚制造核潜艇这件事本身。他们更担心的是,核潜艇技术和推进反应堆燃料的传播会开创一个危险的先例,而这种做法将会被其他国家加以利用。那些真的想要核武器的国家可能会以核潜艇为借口,在讨厌的监察者的监管盲区制造或获取可用于制造核武器的高浓缩铀。

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"With the new AUKUS decision, we can now expect the proliferation of very sensitive military nuclear technology in the coming years, with literally tons of new nuclear materials under loose or no international safeguards," warns Sébastien Philippe of Princeton University, writing for the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists".

普林斯顿大学塞巴斯蒂安·菲利普为《原子科学家公报》撰文时警告道:“美英澳联盟成立的这个新决定,让我们现在可以预测的是,在未来几年里,高度敏感的军事核技术将会扩散,到时候真的会有成吨的新型核原料处于宽松的国际安全保障下,或者根本不处于国际安全保障之下。”

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主编:Felicity、Mia

品控:Felicity

审核:

Photo Credit: Brendan Smialowski / AFP、JIM WATSON / AFP

重点词汇

submarine

/ˌsʌb.məˈriːn/

n. 潜艇,潜水艇

拓展读音:/ˈsʌb.məˌriːn/

相关词汇:marine(adj. 海洋的,海生的)

搭配短语:marine life(海洋生物)

词根词缀:sub-(表示“下面地”)

相关词汇:subtitle(n. 副标题;字幕);subway(n. 地铁)

缩写:sub(n. 潜水艇)

trilateral

/ˌtraɪˈlæt̬.ɚ.əl/

adj. 三边的,三方的

相关词汇:lateral(adj. 边的,侧面的)

英文释义:relating to the sides of something

派生词:bilateral(adj. 双边的)

词根词缀:bi-(表示“双,两个”)

搭配短语:to promote bilateral relations

词根词缀:tri-(表示“三”)

initiative

/ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.t̬ɪv/

n. 倡议,提议,计划,方案

搭配短语:The Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议)

英文释义:a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or achieving a particular purpose

fleet

/fliːt/

n. 舰队,船队

sensitive

/ˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv/

adj.(信息、话题)敏感的;(人的神经)敏感的

例句:Many people are very sensitive about their appearance.

搭配短语:a politically sensitive issue

stealthiness

/ˈstelθɪnəs/

n. 隐蔽,隐蔽性

相关词汇:steal(v. 偷窃)

相关词汇:stealthy(adj. 隐秘的,隐蔽的)

搭配短语:stealthy footsteps

词根词缀:-ness(名词后缀)

相关词汇:stealth(n. 隐形技术)

搭配短语:a stealth bomber

搭配短语:a stealth fighter

bomb

/bɑːm/

n. 核武器

英文释义:nuclear weapons

搭配短语:the first country to have the bomb

enrich

/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/

v. 使浓缩;使变得丰富,使充实

搭配短语:enriched uranium(浓缩铀)

forbid

/fɚˈbɪd/

v. 禁止,不准

搭配短语:forbid sb. from doing sth.(禁止某人做某事)

例句:They were forbidden from contacting the outside world.

相关词汇:forbidden(adj. 禁止的,不准的)

搭配短语:the Forbidden City(紫禁城,故宫)

loophole

/ˈluːp.hoʊl/

n.(法律、合同的)漏洞,空子

相关词汇:hole(n. 孔,洞)

相关词汇:loop(n. 城墙上开的小窗口(供弓箭手射击用))

搭配短语:tax loopholes(税收漏洞)

搭配短语:to close loopholes in the law(填补法律漏洞)

proscribe

/proʊˈskraɪb/

v.(尤指通过法律)禁止

近义词:forbid

propulsion

/prəˈpʌl.ʃən/

n. 推进,推动

相关词汇:propel(v. 驱动;推动)

搭配短语:mechanically propelled vehicles(机动汽车)

例句:The film propelled her to stardom.

nuke

/nuːk/

n. 核潜艇;核武器;核电站

文化补充:nuke 是 nuclear weapons(核武器)的简写,该说法常见于北美地区,最早是美军内部的“黑话”(U.S. military slang)。

precedent

/ˈpres.ə.dent/

n. 先例,前例;常规

词根词缀:pre-(表示“先,前”)

例句:There is no precedent for sth..(某件事还从未有过先例。)

搭配短语:to break with precedent(打破常规)

exploit

/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

v.(卑劣或不公平地)利用;剥削;利用(资源)

搭配短语:to exploit resources as fully as possible

搭配短语:to exploit legal loopholes(钻法律漏洞)

acquire

/əˈkwaɪɚ/

v. 获得,得到;习得

例句:I acquired a good knowledge of English.(习得)

搭配短语:to acquire valuable works((通过购买、被赠予的方式)得到)

out of sight of

不在……视野范围内

相关词汇:sight(n.What does the Australian submarine deal mean for non-proliferation?

澳大利亚核潜艇协议对“国际核不扩散努力”意味着什么?


A new trilateral defence pact, AUKUS, announced on September 15th, will involve far-reaching defence co-operation between America, Australia and Britain. The group's first initiative, and its most important, will be American and British assistance to Australia in building a fleet of at least eight nuclear-powered submarines.

9 月 15 日,一个新的三边安全机制——美英澳联盟(AUKUS)——宣布建立,美国、澳大利亚和英国将深化彼此在安全防务方面的合作。该联盟首个、同时也是最重要的一个举措,是美、英两国帮助澳大利亚打造一支至少由 8 艘核潜艇组成的舰队。

加入会员可查看

"This technology is extremely sensitive," acknowledged an American official. Nuclear-powered subs are sensitive not just because of their range, speed and stealthiness. It is also because they are powered with the same stuff that is used in bombs — enriched uranium.

“这项技术极其敏感,”一位美国官员坦白道。核潜艇之所以敏感,不仅因为其续航久、速度快,且拥有很强的隐蔽性;还因为其动力来源与制造核武器使用的是同一种东西——浓缩铀。

加入会员可查看

The Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) forbids signatories who don't already have a bomb from making one. It also says they must put sensitive nuclear material, like enriched uranium, under international safeguards, monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). But the rules have a submarine-shaped loophole. States are allowed to remove nuclear material from safeguards if they are for "a non-proscribed military activity", such as submarine propulsion.

《不扩散核武器条约》禁止无核武器的缔约国制造核武器;并规定缔约国须将浓缩铀等敏感的核原料置于国际安全保障之下,受国际原子能机构(IAEA)监管。然而,该条约的规定存在一个“潜艇级”大漏洞:若缔约国的核原料是用于“禁令以外的军事活动”(如核潜艇动力推动)的,那么它们将不必置于国际安全监管之下。

加入会员可查看

Most non-proliferation advocates are not terribly worried about Australia building a nuke. They are more concerned that the spread of nuclear-submarine technology and fuel for propulsion reactors sets a dangerous precedent that will be exploited by others. Countries that do want nuclear weapons might see submarines as a convenient excuse for making or acquiring bomb-usable HEU, out of sight of pesky inspectors.

让大多数“不扩散核武器”倡导者无比在意的并不是澳大利亚制造核潜艇这件事本身。他们更担心的是,核潜艇技术和推进反应堆燃料的传播会开创一个危险的先例,而这种做法将会被其他国家加以利用。那些真的想要核武器的国家可能会以核潜艇为借口,在讨厌的监察者的监管盲区制造或获取可用于制造核武器的高浓缩铀。

加入会员可查看

"With the new AUKUS decision, we can now expect the proliferation of very sensitive military nuclear technology in the coming years, with literally tons of new nuclear materials under loose or no international safeguards," warns Sébastien Philippe of Princeton University, writing for the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists".

普林斯顿大学塞巴斯蒂安·菲利普为《原子科学家公报》撰文时警告道:“美英澳联盟成立的这个新决定,让我们现在可以预测的是,在未来几年里,高度敏感的军事核技术将会扩散,到时候真的会有成吨的新型核原料处于宽松的国际安全保障下,或者根本不处于国际安全保障之下。

主编:Felicity、Mia

品控:Felicity

审核:

Photo Credit: Brendan Smialowski / AFP、JIM WATSON / AFP

重点词汇

submarine

/ˌsʌb.məˈriːn/

n. 潜艇,潜水艇

拓展读音:/ˈsʌb.məˌriːn/

相关词汇:marine(adj. 海洋的,海生的)

搭配短语:marine life(海洋生物)

词根词缀:sub-(表示“下面地”)

相关词汇:subtitle(n. 副标题;字幕);subway(n. 地铁)

缩写:sub(n. 潜水艇)

trilateral

/ˌtraɪˈlæt̬.ɚ.əl/

adj. 三边的,三方的

相关词汇:lateral(adj. 边的,侧面的)

英文释义:relating to the sides of something

派生词:bilateral(adj. 双边的)

词根词缀:bi-(表示“双,两个”)

搭配短语:to promote bilateral relations

词根词缀:tri-(表示“三”)

initiative

/ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.t̬ɪv/

n. 倡议,提议,计划,方案

搭配短语:The Belt and Road Initiative(“一带一路”倡议)

英文释义:a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or achieving a particular purpose

fleet

/fliːt/

n. 舰队,船队

sensitive

/ˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv/

adj.(信息、话题)敏感的;(人的神经)敏感的

例句:Many people are very sensitive about their appearance.

搭配短语:a politically sensitive issue

stealthiness

/ˈstelθɪnəs/

n. 隐蔽,隐蔽性

相关词汇:steal(v. 偷窃)

相关词汇:stealthy(adj. 隐秘的,隐蔽的)

搭配短语:stealthy footsteps

词根词缀:-ness(名词后缀)

相关词汇:stealth(n. 隐形技术)

搭配短语:a stealth bomber

搭配短语:a stealth fighter

bomb

/bɑːm/

n. 核武器

英文释义:nuclear weapons

搭配短语:the first country to have the bomb

enrich

/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/

v. 使浓缩;使变得丰富,使充实

搭配短语:enriched uranium(浓缩铀)

forbid

/fɚˈbɪd/

v. 禁止,不准

搭配短语:forbid sb. from doing sth.(禁止某人做某事)

例句:They were forbidden from contacting the outside world.

相关词汇:forbidden(adj. 禁止的,不准的)

搭配短语:the Forbidden City(紫禁城,故宫)

loophole

/ˈluːp.hoʊl/

n.(法律、合同的)漏洞,空子

相关词汇:hole(n. 孔,洞)

相关词汇:loop(n. 城墙上开的小窗口(供弓箭手射击用))

搭配短语:tax loopholes(税收漏洞)

搭配短语:to close loopholes in the law(填补法律漏洞)

proscribe

/proʊˈskraɪb/

v.(尤指通过法律)禁止

近义词:forbid

propulsion

/prəˈpʌl.ʃən/

n. 推进,推动

相关词汇:propel(v. 驱动;推动)

搭配短语:mechanically propelled vehicles(机动汽车)

例句:The film propelled her to stardom.

nuke

/nuːk/

n. 核潜艇;核武器;核电站

文化补充:nuke 是 nuclear weapons(核武器)的简写,该说法常见于北美地区,最早是美军内部的“黑话”(U.S. military slang)。

precedent

/ˈpres.ə.dent/

n. 先例,前例;常规

词根词缀:pre-(表示“先,前”)

例句:There is no precedent for sth..(某件事还从未有过先例。)

搭配短语:to break with precedent(打破常规)

exploit

/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/

v.(卑劣或不公平地)利用;剥削;利用(资源)

搭配短语:to exploit resources as fully as possible

搭配短语:to exploit legal loopholes(钻法律漏洞)

acquire

/əˈkwaɪɚ/

v. 获得,得到;习得

例句:I acquired a good knowledge of English.(习得)

搭配短语:to acquire valuable works((通过购买、被赠予的方式)得到)

out of sight of

不在……视野范围内

相关词汇:sight(n. 视野)

文化补充:"out of sight,out of mind" 类似于中文里的“眼不见,心不烦”。

pesky

/ˈpes.ki/

adj. 恼人的,讨厌的

近义词:annoying

搭配短语:pesky mosquitos

加 视野)

文化补充:"out of sight,out of mind" 类似于中文里的“眼不见,心不烦”。

pesky

/ˈpes.ki/

adj. 恼人的,讨厌的

近义词:annoying

搭配短语:pesky mosquitos

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