原型链继承
构造函数继承(借助 call)
组合继承
原型式继承
寄生式继承
寄生组合式继承
function Parent() {
this.name = 'parent1';
this.play = [1, 2, 3]
}
function Child() {
this.type = 'child2';
}
Child.prototype = new Parent();
console.log(new Child())
var s1 = new Child();
var s2 = new Child();
s1.play.push(4);
console.log(s1.play, s2.play); // [1,2,3,4]
问题:
借助 call调用 Parent 函数
function Parent() {
this.name = 'parent1';
}
Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
function Child() {
Parent1.call(this);
this.type = 'child'
}
let child = new Child();
console.log(child); // 没问题
console.log(child.getName()); // 会报错
问题
function Parent3 () {
this.name = 'parent3';
this.play = [1, 2, 3];
}
Parent3.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
function Child3() {
// 第二次调用 Parent3()
Parent3.call(this);
this.type = 'child3';
}
// 第一次调用 Parent3()
Child3.prototype = new Parent3();
// 手动挂上构造器,指向自己的构造函数
Child3.prototype.constructor = Child3;
var s3 = new Child3();
var s4 = new Child3();
s3.play.push(4);
console.log(s3.play, s4.play); // 不互相影响
console.log(s3.getName()); // 正常输出'parent3'
console.log(s4.getName()); // 正常输出'parent3'
问题
借助 Object.create 方法实现普通对象的继承
let parent4 = {
name: "parent4",
friends: ["p1", "p2", "p3"],
getName: function() {
return this.name;
}
};
let person4 = Object.create(parent4);
person4.name = "tom";
person4.friends.push("jerry");
let person5 = Object.create(parent4);
person5.friends.push("lucy");
console.log(person4.name); // tom
console.log(person4.name === person4.getName()); // true
console.log(person5.name); // parent4
console.log(person4.friends); // ["p1", "p2", "p3","jerry","lucy"]
console.log(person5.friends); // ["p1", "p2", "p3","jerry","lucy"]
问题
因为 Object.create 方法实现的是浅拷贝,多个实例的引用类型属性指向相同的内存,存在篡改的可能
寄生式继承在上面继承基础上进行优化,利用这个浅拷贝的能力再进行增强,添加一些方法
let parent5 = {
name: "parent5",
friends: ["p1", "p2", "p3"],
getName: function() {
return this.name;
}
};
function clone(original) {
let clone = Object.create(original);
clone.getFriends = function() {
return this.friends;
};
return clone;
}
let person5 = clone(parent5);
console.log(person5.getName()); // parent5
console.log(person5.getFriends()); // ["p1", "p2", "p3"]
问题:与原型式继承一样
相对最优的继承方式
function clone (parent, child) {
// 这里改用 Object.create 就可以减少组合继承中多进行一次构造的过程
child.prototype = Object.create(parent.prototype);
child.prototype.constructor = child;
}
function Parent6() {
this.name = 'parent6';
this.play = [1, 2, 3];
}
Parent6.prototype.getName = function () {
return this.name;
}
function Child6() {
Parent6.call(this);
this.friends = 'child5';
}
clone(Parent6, Child6);
Child6.prototype.getFriends = function () {
return this.friends;
}
let person6 = new Child6();
console.log(person6); //{friends:"child5",name:"parent6",play:[1,2,3],__proto__:Parent6}
console.log(person6.getName()); // parent6
console.log(person6.getFriends()); // child5