as described in 在之前的某个文献、部分中有过XX

• Transcriptomic mRNA data (T) of all parent lines were gathered as detailed by Westhues et al. (2017). Briefly, (Schrag et al., 2018)

• Data collection, sample processing and data analysis followed phytosociological methods as described in Dierschke (1994). (Walentowski et al., 2017)【数据收集、样品处理和数据分析如前所述】

• Genetic values of the clones estimated from the genetic models (as described in the Phenotypic Data Analysis section) were used as pseudo-phenotypes. (Xiong et al., 2016)

• The results of FP621 are remarkably similar to the results found in a previous study of an A. nordmanniana CSO with 13 clones in Denmark (Hansen and Kjaer, 2006). (Hansen, 2008)

• For this study we preferably selected those genes that were also positional candidates that collocated with coldhardiness QTL in a previous study (Wheeler et al. (Krutovsky, Neale, 2005)

• By using our method and a linkage map constructed in a previous study, we successfully identify several QTL affecting winter hardiness in bivalent tetraploid alfalfa. (Ma et al., 2002)

• This approach was described previously by Meuwissen et al. 11 and termed SNP-BLUP. (Gamal El-Dien et al., 2015)

• Cytological validation with fluorescence in situ hybridization Pachytene chromosome preparations and slide treatment were performed as described previously 24,54. (Wei et al., 2014)

• Plants were phenotyped for rust in a greenhouse experiment that followed a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions, as described previously (Resende et al., 2012a). (de Almeida Filho et al., 2016)

• The detailed solution was described in their article. (Takeda et al., 2008)

• All macaques in the population were individually identified by methods described in Dittus and Thorington 1981. (Cheverud, Dittus, 1992)

• Such operations in the animal breeding context are described in Mrode (2014) and Misztal (2014), and are typically based on Henderson's mixed model equations (MME). (Misztal, Legarra, 2017)

• Quality control procedures followed those described in Badke et al (2012). (Ou et al., 2016)

• To estimate nucleotide diversity (measured as Watterson's h) from the aligned short-read data, we used a modification of the approach described in Hellmann et al (2008). (Sackton et al., 2009)

• The genotypes program is further described in Catchen et al 2011. (Catchen et al., 2013)

• Sequencing library construction followed the protocol described in Bergland et al (2014). (Machado et al., 2016)

• Details of the use of canonical correlation for QTL mapping are described in Leamy et al (1999) and are only described briefly herein. (MUTIC, WOLF, 2007)

• (see Norman et al, 2017, for further details)