序言
httprunner的使用和其中的一些概念在官方的文档中已经详细说明,写这个学习记录是为了记录下自己的学习历程,能够在今后快速的深入学习和实践。没有提及的部分,请查看官方文档
版本:2.2.5
参考
HttpRunner V2.x 中文使用文档
skip机制
skip类型
-
skip
: 无条件跳过测试 -
skipIf
: 判断结果返回为true时,跳过测试 -
skipUnless
:判断结果返回为false时,跳过测试
使用方法
在api
中增加skip
节点或在testcase
的teststeps
增加skip
节点。
-
skip
跳过测试,值为跳过测试的说明
-
api: api/sale/order_products.yml
skip: 无条件跳过
-
skipIf
跳过测试,值为验证方法,方法在debugtalk.py
中定义
debugtalk.py
def varIsNormal(var):
if var:
return False
return True
testcase
-
api: api/sale/order_list.yml
skipIf: ${varIsNormal($token)}
-
skipUnless
跳过测试,值为验证方法,方法在debugtalk.py
中定义
-
api: api/sale/order_detail.yml
skipUnless: ${varIsNormal($token)}
运行机制,如果判断test中有skip
,skipIf
或skipUnless
,抛出SkipTest
异常。
def _handle_skip_feature(self, test_dict):
""" handle skip feature for test
- skip: skip current test unconditionally
- skipIf: skip current test if condition is true
- skipUnless: skip current test unless condition is true
Args:
test_dict (dict): test info
Raises:
SkipTest: skip test
"""
# TODO: move skip to initialize
skip_reason = None
if "skip" in test_dict:
skip_reason = test_dict["skip"]
elif "skipIf" in test_dict:
skip_if_condition = test_dict["skipIf"]
if self.session_context.eval_content(skip_if_condition):
skip_reason = "{} evaluate to True".format(skip_if_condition)
elif "skipUnless" in test_dict:
skip_unless_condition = test_dict["skipUnless"]
if not self.session_context.eval_content(skip_unless_condition):
skip_reason = "{} evaluate to False".format(skip_unless_condition)
if skip_reason:
raise SkipTest(skip_reason)
hook机制 ¶
类型
setup_hooks
:请求前调用的钩子函数,对请求进行预处理
teardown_hooks
:请求之后调用的钩子函数,对请求进行后置处理
场景
对testcase生效的钩子
- 在
testcase
的config
中使用的hook函数,函数在debugtalk.py
中自由定义,他的运行是相对于整个测试用例的
setup_hooks
: 在整个用例开始执行前触发 hook 函数,主要用于准备工作
teardown_hooks
: 在整个用例结束执行后触发 hook 函数,主要用于测试后的清理工作
config:
name: 开发者登录后注册
base_url: https://api.apiopen.top
variables:
developer_name: o_chen
passwd: 123456
success_code: 200
setup_hooks:
- ${sleep(30)}
teardown_hooks:
- ${sleep(30)}
output:
- apikey
teststeps:
-
name: 开发者登录
api: api/apiopen/developer_login.yml
def sleep(n_secs):
time.sleep(n_secs)
查看运行日志
- 在
teststeps
引用testcase
,也可以在节点中定义hook
,是对引用的testcase
生效的
config:
name: 开发者登录后注册
base_url: https://api.apiopen.top
variables:
developer_name: o_chen
passwd: 123456
success_code: 200
teststeps:
-
name: 开发者登录
testcase: testcases/apiopen/login.yml
setup_hooks:
- ${sleep(30)}
teardown_hooks:
- ${sleep(30)}
对api生效的钩子
在 api
文件中添加hooks节点,将在测试之前和测试之后运行
运行测试时,httprunner
会把当前执行的请求和返回储存当变量中,取名request
和 response
.当需要对请求和返回做处理时传入对应的变量名称即可.当然,也可以自由的执行其他的函数,在debugtalk.py
中编写函数,在hooks中添加调用就行了。
name: 开发者登录
base_url: https://api.apiopen.top
variables:
developer_name: dev
passwd: 123456
success_code: 200
request:
method: POST
url: /developerLogin
data:
name: $developer_name
passwd: $passwd
extract:
apikey: content.result.apikey
validate:
- eq: [content.code,$success_code]
setup_hooks:
- ${hook_print($request)}
- ${sum_two(1,2)}
teardown_hooks:
- ${hook_print($response)}
运行结果:
在testcase
中对引入的api
文件添加hooks,将会与原来的文件中的hooks进行合并、覆盖
config:
name: 开发者登录
base_url: https://api.apiopen.top
variables:
developer_name: o_chen
passwd: 123456
success_code: 200
teststeps:
-
name: 开发者登录
api: api/developer_login.yml
setup_hooks:
- ${sum_two(1,2)}
teardown_hooks:
- ${sum_two(3,4)}
运行结果:
引用
编写 hook 函数 ¶
hook 函数的定义放置在项目的
debugtalk.py
中,在 YAML/JSON 中调用 hook 函数仍然是采用${func($a, $b)}
的形式。setup_hooks ¶
在测试步骤层面的 setup_hooks 函数中,除了可传入自定义参数外,还可以传
入$request
,该参数对应着当前测试步骤 request 的全部内容。因为 request 是可变
参数类型(dict),因此该函数参数为引用传递,当我们需要对请求参数进行预处理时尤其有用。teardown_hooks ¶
在测试步骤层面的 teardown_hooks 函数中,除了可传入自定义参数外,还可以传入
$response
,该参数对应着当前请求的响应实例(requests.Response)
另外,在 teardown_hooks 函数中还可以对 response 进行修改。当我们需要先对响应内容进行处理(例如加解密、参数运算),再进行参数提取(extract)和校验(validate)时尤其有用。
例:
定义hooks函数修改请求参数和返回数据
def setupRequest(request):
if request:
if "data" in request:
request["data"]["name"] = "O_cheng"
def teardownResponse(response):
if response:
# print(response.json)
# print(response.content)
# print(response.status_code)
# print(response.cookies)
# print(response.elapsed)
# print(response.encoding)
# print(response.headers)
# print(response.history)
# print(response.ok)
# print(response.text)
# print(response.url)
# print(response.request)
response.json["code"] = -10000
在api
脚本中设置hooks函数调用
name: 开发者登录
base_url: https://api.apiopen.top
variables:
developer_name: dev
passwd: 123456
success_code: 200
request:
method: POST
url: /developerLogin
data:
name: $developer_name
passwd: $passwd
extract:
apikey: content.result.apikey
validate:
- eq: [content.code,$success_code]
setup_hooks:
- ${setupRequest($request)}
teardown_hooks:
- ${teardownResponse($response)}
运行脚本文件,查看输出的日志:
- 运行
setup_hooks
修改请求参数
- 运行
teardown_hooks
修改返回参数
扩展
在浏览源码的时候,发现hooks支持将函数的运行结果赋值给变量。源码如下:
def do_hook_actions(self, actions, hook_type):
""" call hook actions.
Args:
actions (list): each action in actions list maybe in two format.
format1 (dict): assignment, the value returned by hook function will be assigned to variable.
{"var": "${func()}"}
format2 (str): only call hook functions.
${func()}
hook_type (enum): setup/teardown
"""
logger.log_debug("call {} hook actions.".format(hook_type))
for action in actions:
if isinstance(action, dict) and len(action) == 1:
# format 1
# {"var": "${func()}"}
var_name, hook_content = list(action.items())[0]
hook_content_eval = self.session_context.eval_content(hook_content)
logger.log_debug(
"assignment with hook: {} = {} => {}".format(
var_name, hook_content, hook_content_eval
)
)
self.session_context.update_test_variables(
var_name, hook_content_eval
)
else:
# format 2
logger.log_debug("call hook function: {}".format(action))
# TODO: check hook function if valid
self.session_context.eval_content(action)
当定义hooks的格式为dict时可以实现将函数返回值添加到变量中
setup_hooks:
- var: ${func($request)}
但在实际运行过程中,在httprunner
检查case时发生异常。具体问题如下: Issues
如果需要使用该功能,可以修改源码,以下修改仅供参考。
单独运行api
在api
中编写hook将返回值赋值给变量并引用变量报错:httprunner.exceptions.VariableNotFound
修改源码中parser.py
,在第958行添加:
hooks_mapping = {}
if "setup_hooks" in test_dict:
for hooks in test_dict["setup_hooks"]:
if isinstance(hooks, dict):
hooks_mapping.update(hooks)
if "teardown_hooks" in test_dict:
for hooks in test_dict["teardown_hooks"]:
if isinstance(hooks, dict):
hooks_mapping.update(hooks)
session_variables_set |= set(hooks_mapping.keys())
将hook
中定义的变量名称添加到teststep_variables_set
中,teststep_variables_set
用于校验testcase中引用的变量是否存在,在测试之前检验testcase是否是完整的,避免在测试过程中出现异常,检查testcase完整性的操作将在运行test之前完成
运行testcase
如果在hook将函数的返回值赋值给变量,那么他在hook中将以dict的形式定义如:
setup_hooks:
- var: ${getRequest($request)}
- req: ${getRequest($request)}
- ${setupRequest($request)}
teardown_hooks:
- ${teardownResponse($response)}
- ${hook_print($var)}
- ${hook_print($req)}
在运行测试之前,httprunner
会将testcase
中定义的hooks与api
中定义的hooks进行合并去重,如果hooks中存在dict,将会报错:TypeError: unhashable type: 'dict'
.原因是合并hooks使用的是set()
方法,在parser.py
的第816行
# merge & override setup_hooks
def_setup_hooks = api_def_dict.pop("setup_hooks", [])
ref_setup_hooks = test_dict.get("setup_hooks", [])
extended_setup_hooks = list(set(def_setup_hooks + ref_setup_hooks))
if extended_setup_hooks:
test_dict["setup_hooks"] = extended_setup_hooks
修改之前首先要对合并hooks的方法重新编写,区分dict和普通的hooks,普通的hook合并后去重,dict形式的,相同key名称时,testcase中定义的覆盖api中原因的定义,顺序为dict在前,执行方法并返回值到变量,之后在执行普通hook,他们有可能应用之前定义的变量。
在validator.py
中添加方法
def extend_hooks(raw_hooks, override_hooks):
""" extend raw_hooks with override_hooks.
override_hooks will merge and override raw_hooks.
Args:
raw_hooks (list):
override_hooks (list):
Returns:
list: extended hooks
Examples:
>>> def_setup_hooks = ["${hook_print($token)}", {"sign": "${getSign($token)}"}]
>>> ref_setup_hooks = [{"sign": "${getRandomSign($token)}"}, "${hook_print($sign)}"]
>>> extend_hooks(def_setup_hooks, ref_setup_hooks)
[
{'sign': '${getRandomSign($token)}'},
'${hook_print($token)}',
'${hook_print($sign)}'
]
"""
extended_hooks_dict = {}
extended_hooks_list = []
def separation(hooks):
for hook in hooks:
if isinstance(hook, dict):
extended_hooks_dict.update(hook)
else:
extended_hooks_list.append(hook)
separation(raw_hooks)
separation(override_hooks)
extended_hooks = [{k: v} for k, v in extended_hooks_dict.items()]
extended_hooks.extend(list(set(extended_hooks_list)))
return extended_hooks
之后将parser.py
中合并hooks的地方使用自定义的方法即可
# merge & override setup_hooks
def_setup_hooks = api_def_dict.pop("setup_hooks", [])
ref_setup_hooks = test_dict.get("setup_hooks", [])
# extended_setup_hooks = list(set(def_setup_hooks + ref_setup_hooks))
extended_setup_hooks = validator.extend_hooks(def_setup_hooks, ref_setup_hooks)
if extended_setup_hooks:
test_dict["setup_hooks"] = extended_setup_hooks
# merge & override teardown_hooks
def_teardown_hooks = api_def_dict.pop("teardown_hooks", [])
ref_teardown_hooks = test_dict.get("teardown_hooks", [])
# extended_teardown_hooks = list(set(def_teardown_hooks + ref_teardown_hooks))
extended_teardown_hooks = validator.extend_hooks(def_teardown_hooks, ref_teardown_hooks)
if extended_teardown_hooks:
test_dict["teardown_hooks"] = extended_teardown_hooks
将上述两处修改完成后就可以在用例文件中将hooks返回的参数赋值给变量,并在测试中使用这些变量了。