java将一个url链接或者文字生成二维码并且转成base64

我们在开发的时候,肯定有这样的需求。把一个url链接转成二维码图片。提供给用户扫描,然后跳转到相应的页面。

三个问题(前提:没有用统一的图片服务器如:fastdfs。)

(1):把url链接转成图片保存。这样只需要提供图片的地址就行。

(2):但是有的时候,需要提供base64图片流。这是因为,图片可能是在内网,不能通过ip转到外面。

(3):当使用分布式服务器的时候,生成的图片的地址不一样,如果查找的时候,就不利于管理。这个时候,可以用不需要生成图片的方式。

解决第一个问题:

(1):需要使用生成二维码的jar包。zxing是比较通用的jar包。

       
            com.google.zxing
            core
            3.3.0
        
        
            com.google.zxing
            javase
            3.3.0
        

(2):编写生成二维码的util.也就是Qrcode.util

package com.iflytek.util;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;

public class QRCodeUtil {
    private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
    private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
    // 二维码尺寸
    private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
    // LOGO宽度
    private static final int WIDTH = 60;
    // LOGO高度
    private static final int HEIGHT = 60;

    private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,
                                             boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
                BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
        int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
        int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
                        : 0xFFFFFFFF);
            }
        }
        if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
            return image;
        }
        // 插入图片
        QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
        return image;
    }

    /**
     * 插入LOGO
     *
     * @param source
     *            二维码图片
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO图片地址
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,
                                    boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        File file = new File(imgPath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            System.err.println(""+imgPath+"   该文件不存在!");
            return;
        }
        Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
        int width = src.getWidth(null);
        int height = src.getHeight(null);
        if (needCompress) { // 压缩LOGO
            if (width > WIDTH) {
                width = WIDTH;
            }
            if (height > HEIGHT) {
                height = HEIGHT;
            }
            Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,
                    Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
            BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
            g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
            g.dispose();
            src = image;
        }
        // 插入LOGO
        Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
        int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
        int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
        graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
        Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
        graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
        graph.draw(shape);
        graph.dispose();
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO地址
     * @param destPath
     *            存放目录
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩LOGO
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,
                              boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
                needCompress);
        mkdirs(destPath);
        String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
        return destPath+"/"+file;
    }

    /**
     * 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
     * @param destPath 存放目录
     */
    public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
        File file =new File(destPath);
        //当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
        if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
            file.mkdirs();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO地址
     * @param destPath
     *            存储地址
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)
            throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param destPath
     *            存储地址
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩LOGO
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String destPath,
                              boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param destPath
     *            存储地址
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO地址
     * @param output
     *            输出流
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩LOGO
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,
                              OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
                needCompress);
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param output
     *            输出流
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)
            throws Exception {
        QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
    }

    /**
     * 解析二维码
     *
     * @param file
     *            二维码图片
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image;
        image = ImageIO.read(file);
        if (image == null) {
            return null;
        }
        BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(
                image);
        BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
        Result result;
        Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
        hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
        String resultStr = result.getText();
        return resultStr;
    }

    /**
     * 解析二维码
     *
     * @param path
     *            二维码图片地址
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
        return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param content
     * @param imgPath
     * @param destPath
     * @param localUrl 当前环境的域名或者ip地址
     * @param needCompress
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,String localUrl,
                                boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath,
                needCompress);
        mkdirs(destPath);
        String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
        return localUrl+file;
    }

    public static String encodeDZ(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,String localUrl,int length,int width,
                                boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImageDZ(content, imgPath,length,width,
                needCompress);
        mkdirs(destPath);
        String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
        return localUrl+file;
    }

    private static BufferedImage createImageDZ(String content, String imgPath,int newlength,int newWidth,
                                             boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
        Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
                BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, newlength, newWidth, hints);
        int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
        int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
                        : 0xFFFFFFFF);
            }
        }
        if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
            return image;
        }
        // 插入图片
        QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
        return image;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String text = "https://www.yoyow.org/files/d2b3b82351bda9e70b92c6ee219a432b.png";  //这里设置自定义网站url
        String logoPath =null;
        String destPath = "d:\\pic\\";
        String url=QRCodeUtil.encode(text, logoPath, destPath, true);
        System.out.println(url);

       /* String file="D:\\11.jpg";
        String info=QRCodeUtil.decode(file);
        System.out.println(info);*/
    }
}

使用QRCodeUtil.encode("url链接地址","logo的地址","生成的图片放在的位置(jpg图片的物理地址如:opt/项目名/jpg/)")。

(3):访问生成的图片,需要在一个config即MvcConfig

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CommonsRequestLoggingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

@Configuration
public class MvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    private static Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(MvcConfig.class);
    @Autowired
    private Environment environment;


    /**
     *图片等地址映射
     * @param registry
     */
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        logger.info("pdfURL="+environment.getProperty("qr.location.url"));
        registry.addResourceHandler("/pdf/**").addResourceLocations("file:"+environment.getProperty("qr.location.url"));
        registry.addResourceHandler("/excel/**").addResourceLocations("file:"+environment.getProperty("excel.location.url"));
        super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
    }

    @Bean
    public CommonsRequestLoggingFilter requestLoggingFilter() {
        CommonsRequestLoggingFilter loggingFilter = new CommonsRequestLoggingFilter();
        loggingFilter.setMaxPayloadLength(2048);
        loggingFilter.setIncludeClientInfo(true);
        loggingFilter.setIncludeQueryString(true);
        loggingFilter.setIncludePayload(true);
        loggingFilter.setIncludeHeaders(true);
        return loggingFilter;
    }

    @Override
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }
}

(4):在配置文件application.properties

#生成二维码物理地址
qr.location.url=D:/mnt/hmzhao/analytics/pic/

这样生成的图片就可以通过

ip+port+项目名称+/pdf/+生成图片名称+.jpg

如:http://192.168.171.219:8088/test/pdf/12345.jpg

解决第二个问题

解决了第一个问题。第二个问题就稍微简单些,只需要把生成的图片转成base64流就可以。

(1):将图片流转换成base64流的util.PicBaseUtil.java


import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class PicBaseUtil {
    /**
     * 将本地图片转换成Base64编码字符串
     *
     * @param imgFile 图片目录路径
     * @return
     */
    public String getImgFileToBase64(String imgFile) {
        //将图片文件转化为字节数组字符串,并对其进行Base64编码处理
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        byte[] buffer = null;
        //读取图片字节数组
        try {
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(imgFile);
            int count = 0;
            while (count == 0) {
                count = inputStream.available();
            }
            buffer = new byte[count];
            inputStream.read(buffer);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                try {
                    // 关闭inputStream流
                    inputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        // 对字节数组Base64编码
        return new BASE64Encoder().encode(buffer);
    }

   

}

(2):由于第一个问题中生成的图片放在一个物理地址上,所以,第二个问题需要第一个问题的物理地址。

  String localPic="图片的物理地址";
  String base=  (new PicBaseUtil()).getImgFileToBase64(localPic);

这样返回的base64就是提供给前端的base64流。

解决第三个问题

解决第三个问题,不需要使用第一,第二个问题的结果,直接调用方法就可以生成了。

(1)转换的代码块

 /**
     * 将图片url转换成base64流
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public String getBase64(String url){
        MultiFormatWriter multiFormatWriter = new MultiFormatWriter();
        Map hints = new HashMap();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8"); //设置字符集编码类型
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);  //设置白边
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = null;
        try {
            bitMatrix = multiFormatWriter.encode(url, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 300, 300,hints);
            BufferedImage image = toBufferedImage(bitMatrix);
            ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            //输出二维码图片流
            try {
                ImageIO.write(image, "jpg",outputStream);
                String base =new BASE64Encoder().encode(outputStream.toByteArray());
                return base;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } catch (WriterException e1) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }


    public static BufferedImage toBufferedImage(BitMatrix matrix) {
        int width = matrix.getWidth();
        int height = matrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                image.setRGB(x, y, matrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);//0xFF000000黑;0xFFFFFFFF白
            }
        }
        return image;
    }

(2):使用方法。直接将url链接转成base64流。

String url="url链接";
String base= (new PicBaseUtil()).getBase64(url);

这样返回的base64就是提供给前端的base64流。

参考:Java通过图片url地址获取图片base64位字符串的两种方式

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