1 MySQL启用主主双写复制
1.1 卸载系统默认的数据库mariadb
安装mysql出现安装包不兼容问题，首先卸载掉系统自带mariadb
查看已经安装的mariadb
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
删除mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.33a-3.el7.x86_64
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server-5.5.44-2.el7.x86_64
rpm -e mariadb-devel --nodeps
rpm -e mariadb --nodeps
直到rpm -qa|grep mariadb命令输出为空
初始化MySQL及设置密码
[root@localhost rpm]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db
[root@localhost rpm]# service mysql start
[root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret #查看root账号密码
# The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('111111'); #设置密码为123456
mysql> exit
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111
1.2 卸载旧版安装包
检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
yum -y remove MySQL-*
1.3 安装MySQL
1.3.1 解压安装MySQL
$ tar xvf MySQL-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundl.tar
MySQL-client-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装MySQL-client-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm，MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm，MySQL-devel-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm即可
rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
1.3.2 修改配置文件位置
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
1.3.3 初始化MySQL及设置密码
初始化数据库并启动mysql
/usr/bin/mysql_install_db
service mysql start
查看root账号初始密码
[root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl
#修改root密码为111111
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('111111');
mysql> exit
或者
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=password("111111") where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;
#验证登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111
1.3.4 安装MySQL JDBC驱动
yum -y install mysql-connector-java
1.3.5 允许远程登陆
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *FD571203974BA9AFE270FE62151AE967ECA5E0AA |
| node1a146 | root | *F99E6AEA8DF26B30DA7A57F92F3FABC0E4949F12 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *F99E6AEA8DF26B30DA7A57F92F3FABC0E4949F12 |
| ::1 | root | *F99E6AEA8DF26B30DA7A57F92F3FABC0E4949F12 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
mysql> update user set password=password('111111') where user='root';
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
1.3.6 设置开机自启动
chkconfig mysql on
chkconfig --list | grep mysql
1.3.7 MySQL的默认安装位置
/var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
/usr/bin #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本
1.3.8 修改字符集和数据存储路径
查看初始字符集
mysql> show variables like '%collation%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.
[client]
password = 111111
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
#(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)
lower_case_table_names=1
#(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )
max_connections=1000
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
重启使生效
service mysql restart
1.3.9 异常处理
问题1：
如果执行sql时报下面错误是由于你升级过数据库，升级完后没有使用mysql_upgrade升级数据结构造成的。
ERROR 1558 (HY000): Column count of mysql.user is wrong. Expected 43, found 42\. Created with MySQL 50544, now running 50637\. Please use mysql_upgrade to fix this error.
使用mysql_upgrade命令
root@localhost ~]# mysql_upgrade -u root -p 111111
1.4 配置MySQL主主同步
主主同步就是两台机器互为主的关系，在任何一台机器上写入都会同步。
1.4.1 创建同步账号
分别在两台机器上配置同步账号
master1机器上：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
master2机器上：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by '123456';
mysql> flush privileges;
1.4.2 配置数据库参数
master1机器上：
1、关闭
$ service mysql stop
2、更改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay_log=mysql-relay-bin
binlog_format=ROW
report-host = master2
report-user = repl
report-password = 123456
report-port = 3306
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
其中标红为新增内容：
l Log-bin：启动二进制日志文件
l Server-id：本机数据库ID(和)
l Binlog_format:一共有三种复制方式：ROW\STATEMENT\MIXED，默认是STATEMENT
l report-host，report-user，report-password，report-port为master复制的主机名，用户，密码以及端口号。
3、启动mysql
$ service mysql start
Master2机器上：
1、关闭
$ service mysql stop
2、更改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
$ vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay_log=mysql-relay-bin
binlog_format=ROW
report-host = master2
report-user = repl
report-password = 123456
report-port = 3306
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
3、启动mysql
$ service mysql start
1.4.3 备份数据库
备份两个需要同步的数据库数据以防同步失败时数据丢失。
备份mysql
$ mysqldump --all-databases -uroot -p > mysql.sql
1.4.4 设置master2同步master1
master1机器上:
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 365 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> unlock tables;
master2机器上：
#设置master2同步master1数据
mysql> change master to master_host='master1IP', master_port=3306, master_user='repl',master_password='123456', master_log_file='binlog.000003',master_log_pos=365;
#开启同步
mysql> start slave;
#执行这命令后 注意观察下面这两个参数，必须要都是yes才行
mysql> show slave status \G
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
master_host表示是master1的IP
master_user表示主库master1上允许同步的用户
maser_password表示同步用户的密码
master_log_file表示从哪个binlog文件开始同步
master_log_pos表示从该binlog文件的那个pos节点位置开始同步
我们查看同步是否主要是查看Slave_IO_Running与Slave_SQL_Running选项。如果正常同步，这两选必须同时为YES。
如果Slave_IO_Running为NO，说明可能是从库与主库的网络不通。
如果Slave_SQL_Running为NO，说明很可能是从库与主库的数据不一致。
如果Slave_IO_Running: Connecting，可能是同步的用户密码写错了。
同样的 反过来做相同操作
1.4.5 设置master1同步master2
master2机器上:
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000004 | 207 | | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> unlock tables;
master1****机器上：
mysql> change master tomaster_host='10.1.1.21', master_port=3306, master_user='repl',master_password='123456', master_log_file='binlog.000004',master_log_pos=207;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status \G #执行这命令后 注意观察下面这两个参数，必须要都是yes才行
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
介此，主主同步打造完成，可以简单测试一下，分别在两个机器上写数据 看看会不会同步到另一台机器上
PS：如果报错Slave_IO_Running: NO 可以检查同步的账号是否创建正常！
1.5 安装keepalived 并设置监控
keepalived是安装在两台MySQL服务器上的
首先安装keepalived 过程不解释就正常解压安装就好
安装后配置 vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 内容如下
10.1.1.20的配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state backup #两台配置此处均是BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100 #优先级，另一台改为90
advert_int 1
nopreempt #不抢占，只在优先级高的机器上设置即可，优先级低的机器不设置
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.1.25
}
}
virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50 #会话保持时间
protocol TCP
real_server 10.1.1.20 3306 {
weight 3
notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh #检测到mysql服务挂了就执行这个脚本（脚本要自己写哈）
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10 #连接超时时间
nb_get_retry 3 #重连次数
delay_before_retry 3 #重连间隔时间
connect_port 3306 #健康检查端口
}
}
}
10.1.1.21的配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state backup
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.1.1.25
}
}
virtual_server 10.1.1.25 3306 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 10.1.1.21 3306 {
weight 3
notify_down /tmp/nimei.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
编写监控mysql服务是否挂了的脚本，按照上面配置文件的位置编写脚本。
vim /tmp/nimei.sh
#!/bin/sh
pkill keepalived
脚本很简单就一句，目的是当keepalived检测到mysql服务挂了之后触发这个脚本，杀死keepalived进程，让另一台机器接管
好 修改后启动keeplived服务
介此整个集群搭建完成
1.6 测试
找一台机器用虚拟ip连接mysql
[root@localhost html]# mysql -uab -h 10.1.1.25 -p123
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 736
Server version: 5.1.66-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
这样成功连上了，然后你可以任意关闭某台机器，或者某台机器的mysql服务，看看还能不能连上！！