使用k8s部署Mysql实例~hostpath,nfs服务器,PV和PVC持久化

1.k8s数据存储的分类:

1.基础存储的分类:

分类 说明
EmptyDir EmptyDir是在Pod被分配到Node时创建的,无须手动指定,当Pod销毁时, EmptyDir中的数据也会被永久删除
HostPath HostPath就是将Node主机中一个实际目录挂载到Pod中,保证Pod销毁了,但是数据依旧可以存在于Node主机上
NFS NFS是一个网络文件存储系统,解决了节点故障数据异常的问题

2.高级存储:

分类 说明
PV(Persistent Volume) 持久化卷的意思,是对底层的共享存储的一种抽象,PV相似于卷组(存储池)
PVC(Persistent Volume Claim) 持久卷声明的意思,用户对于存储需求的一种声明,PVC如同在卷组中划分出的逻辑卷

3.高级存储的分类:

分类 说明
ConfigMap ConfigMap是一种比较特殊的存储卷,它的主要作用是用来存储配置信息的,明文保存
Secret 它主要用于存储敏感信息,例如密码、秘钥、证书等等,可加密保存

2.基础存储-hostpath

1.创建mysql的yaml文件

cat << eof > mysql.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1                          # 通过kubectl explain deployment命令查看版本
kind: Deployment                             # 资源类型
metadata:
  name: mysql-deployment                     # 资源名称
  namespace: mysql                           # 指定命名空间
spec:
  replicas: 1                                # 控制器下的pod数
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql                             # 这是控制器用来控制pod的标签
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql                           # pod的标签
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: mysql                        # 容器名
          image: mysql:8.0.20                # 容器镜像
          env:                               # mysql环境参数
          - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD        # 指定ROOT用户密码
            value: "你的密码"
          ports:                             # 容器暴露的端口
          - name: mysql
            containerPort: 3306
          volumeMounts:                      # 容器内的被挂载目录
          - name: mysql-data
            mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
          - name: mysql-config
            mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
      volumes:                               # 声明volume(宿主机目录), name为logs-volume
      - name: mysql-data
        hostPath:
          path: /root/mysql/data
          type: DirectoryOrCreate            # 目录存在就使用,不存在就先创建后使用
      - name: mysql-config
        hostPath:
          path: /root/mysql/conf
          type: DirectoryOrCreate            # 目录存在就使用,不存在就先创建后使用
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-nodeport
  namespace: mysql
spec:
  selector:
    app: mysql                               # 服务通过此标签连接deployment资源来暴露端口
  type: NodePort                             # 服务类型:NodePort
  ports:                                     # 不指定NodePort端口就会自动分配,(默认的取值范围是:30000-32767)
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 3306
    targetPort: 3306
eof

2.创建mysq应用:

kubectl apply -f mysql.yaml

3.查看pod:

[root@master mysql]# kubectl get deployment,pod,svc -n mysql -o wide
NAME                               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/mysql-deployment   1/1     1            1           7m57s
deployment.apps/nginx              1/1     1            1           15d

NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/mysql-deployment-b68b5b8bc-jps5c   1/1     Running   0          7m57s
pod/nginx-6867cdf567-phn5l             1/1     Running   1          148m

NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
service/kubernetes       ClusterIP   10.96.0.1                443/TCP          15d
service/mysql-nodeport   NodePort    10.98.118.107            3306:30160/TCP   7m57s
service/nginx            NodePort    10.103.194.224           80:30105/TCP     15d

4.远程连接:

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h192.168.174.30 -P30160 -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

3.基础存储-nfs服务器

1.安装nfs服务器:

  • master节点上:
    • 使配置生效

      exportfs -r
    • 将共享目录以读写权限暴露给192.168.174.0/24网段中的所有主机

      cat << eof >> /etc/exports
      /root/nfs/mysql 192.168.174.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
      eof
    • 启动nfs服务

      systemctl enable nfs-server;systemctl restart nfs-server
    • 准备一个共享目录

      mkdir -p /root/nfs/mysql -pv;chmod o=rwx /root/nfs/mysql
    • 在master上安装nfs服务:

      yum install nfs-utils -y
  • node节点:

    • 接下来,要在的每个node节点上都安装下nfs,这样的目的是为了node节点可以驱动nfs设备

      yum install nfs-utils -y
      systemctl enable nfs-server;systemctl restart nfs-server

2.创建mysql的yaml文件:

cat << eof > mysql.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1                          # 通过kubectl explain deployment命令查看版本
kind: Deployment                             # 资源类型
metadata:
  name: mysql-deployment                     # 资源名称
  namespace: mysql                           # 指定命名空间
spec:
  replicas: 1                                # 控制器下的pod数
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql                             # 这是控制器用来控制pod的标签
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql                           # pod的标签
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: mysql                        # 容器名
          image: mysql:8.0.20                # 容器镜像
          env:                               # mysql环境参数
          - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD        # 指定ROOT用户密码
            value: "你的密码"
          ports:                             # 容器暴露的端口
          - name: mysql
            containerPort: 3306
          volumeMounts:                      # 容器内的被挂载目录
          - name: mysql-data
            mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      volumes:                               # 声明volume(宿主机目录), name为logs-volume
      - name: mysql-data
        nfs:
          server: 192.168.174.30             # nfs服务器地址
          # /root/nfs/mysql是共享目录,data是创建的一个目录用来存储mysql数据        
          path: /root/nfs/mysql/data         # 共享文件路径(服务器地址)
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-nodeport
  namespace: mysql
spec:
  selector:
    app: mysql                               # 服务通过此标签连接deployment资源来暴露端口
  type: NodePort                             # 服务类型:NodePort
  ports:                                     # 不指定NodePort端口就会自动分配,(默认的取值范围是:30000-32767)
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 3306
    targetPort: 3306
eof

3.创建mysq应用:

kubectl apply -f mysql.yaml

4.查看pod:

[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment,pod,svc -n mysql -o wide
NAME                               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
deployment.apps/mysql-deployment   1/1     1            1           3m17s   mysql        mysql:8.0.20   app=mysql

NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP           NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/mysql-deployment-5fb47b585b-k7bdm   1/1     Running   0          3m17s   10.244.2.9   node2              

NAME                     TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE     SELECTOR
service/mysql-nodeport   NodePort   10.99.39.122           3306:31819/TCP   3m17s   app=mysql

5.查看master节点上的目录:

pod所在node节点是没有目录的,直接使用nfs服务器的目录

[root@master ~]# ll nfs/mysql/data/
total 181696
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input       56 Nov 29 05:20 auto.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input      912 Nov 29 05:20 binlog.000001
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input       16 Nov 29 05:20 binlog.index
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Nov 29 05:20 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 Nov 29 05:20 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 Nov 29 05:20 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Nov 29 05:20 client-key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input   196608 Nov 29 05:20 #ib_16384_0.dblwr
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input  8585216 Nov 29 05:20 #ib_16384_1.dblwr
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input     5498 Nov 29 05:20 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 12582912 Nov 29 05:20 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 50331648 Nov 29 05:20 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 50331648 Nov 29 05:20 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 12582912 Nov 29 05:20 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input      187 Nov 29 05:20 #innodb_temp
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input      143 Nov 29 05:20 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 29360128 Nov 29 05:20 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input     8192 Nov 29 05:20 performance_schema
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Nov 29 05:20 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input      452 Nov 29 05:20 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 Nov 29 05:20 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 Nov 29 05:20 server-key.pem
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input       28 Nov 29 05:20 sys
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 10485760 Nov 29 05:20 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 11534336 Nov 29 05:20 undo_002

6.远程连接:

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h192.168.174.30 -P30160 -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

4.高级存储-PV和PVC:

1.安装nfs服务器:

  • master节点上:
    • 使配置生效

      exportfs -r
    • 将共享目录以读写权限暴露给192.168.174.0/24网段中的所有主机

      cat << eof >> /etc/exports
      /root/nfs/mysql 192.168.174.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)
      eof
    • 启动nfs服务

      systemctl enable nfs-server;systemctl restart nfs-server
    • 准备一个共享目录

      mkdir -p /root/nfs/mysql -pv;chmod o=rwx /root/nfs/mysql
    • 在master上安装nfs服务:

      yum install nfs-utils -y
  • node节点:

    • 接下来,要在的每个node节点上都安装下nfs,这样的目的是为了node节点可以驱动nfs设备

      yum install nfs-utils -y
      systemctl enable nfs-server;systemctl restart nfs-server

2.创建pv:

cat << eof > pv1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv1
spec:
  capacity:                                                 # 存储能力,目前只支持存储空间的设置
    storage: 3Gi
  accessModes:                                              # 访问模式:读写权限,可以被多个节点挂载
  - ReadWriteMany
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain                     # 回收策略
  nfs: 
    path: /root/nfs/mysql/data                              # 这里的路径必须和nfs服务器配置文件中的某一个一致
    server: 192.168.174.30                                  # nfs服务器地址
eof
kubectl apply -f pv1.yaml

3.创建mysql的yaml文件:

cat << eof > mysql.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: mysql-pvc
  namespace: mysql
spec:
  accessModes:                              # 访问模式:读写权限,可以被多个节点挂载
  - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: apps/v1                          # 通过kubectl explain deployment命令查看版本
kind: Deployment                             # 资源类型
metadata:
  name: mysql-deployment                     # 资源名称
  namespace: mysql                           # 指定命名空间
spec:
  replicas: 3                                # 控制器下的pod数
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql                             # 这是控制器用来控制pod的标签
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql                           # pod的标签
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: mysql                        # 容器名
          image: mysql:8.0.20                # 容器镜像
          env:                               # mysql环境参数
          - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD        # 指定ROOT用户密码
            value: "你的密码"
          ports:                             # 容器暴露的端口
          - name: mysql
            containerPort: 3306
          volumeMounts:                      # 容器内的被挂载目录
          - name: mysql-data
            mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
      volumes:
      - name: mysql-data
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: mysql-pvc
          readOnly: false
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-nodeport
  namespace: mysql
spec:
  selector:
    app: mysql                               # 服务通过此标签连接deployment资源来暴露端口
  type: NodePort                             # 服务类型:NodePort
  ports:                                     # 不指定NodePort端口就会自动分配,(默认的取值范围是:30000-32767)
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 3306
    targetPort: 3306
eof

4.创建mysq应用:

kubectl apply -f mysql.yaml

5.查看pod:

[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment,pod,svc,pvc -n mysql -o wide
NAME                               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE    CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
deployment.apps/mysql-deployment   3/3     3            3           3m4s   mysql        mysql:8.0.20   app=mysql

NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP            NODE    NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/mysql-deployment-574486b789-l9f4h   1/1     Running   0          3m4s   10.244.2.14   node2              
pod/mysql-deployment-574486b789-ng4x8   1/1     Running   0          3m4s   10.244.1.6    node1              
pod/mysql-deployment-574486b789-sqsll   1/1     Running   2          3m4s   10.244.2.13   node2              

NAME                     TYPE       CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE    SELECTOR
service/mysql-nodeport   NodePort   10.105.41.7           3306:30165/TCP   3m4s   app=mysql

NAME                              STATUS   VOLUME   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE    VOLUMEMODE
persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-pvc   Bound    pv1      3Gi        RWX                           3m4s   Filesystem
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pv -o wide
NAME   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM             STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE   VOLUMEMODE
pv1    3Gi        RWX            Retain           Bound    mysql/mysql-pvc                           4m    Filesystem

6.远程连接:

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h192.168.174.30 -P30165 -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.20 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

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