关于Selenium的网页对象单元测试的设计模式

写在前面：经过了实践总结一下经验，心得进行一个分享。

---

首先driver是可以单独抽出来的，变成一个driver函数放在driver.py。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options


def get_chrome_driver():
    # 启动driver
    options = Options()
    # 替换为你本地的Chromed路径
    options.binary_location = r"D:\software\Chrome-bin\chrome.exe"
    # 替换为你本地的Chromedriver路径
    chromedriver_path = r'D:\software\Chrome-bin\chromedriver.exe'
    # 使用Service对象指定Chromedriver路径
    service = Service(chromedriver_path)
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
    return driver

然后我们新建page.py，在这里我们只处理页面的对象，因此我们创建页面类在此，当然这个页面类需要和HTML元素和驱动进行组合才能形成一个页面。

我们创建BasePage，以后的页面类都用它作为基类。首先是传一个驱动，组合起来

class BasePage(object):
    """Base class to initialize the base page that will be called from all
    pages"""

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver


class LoginPage(BasePage):
    def __init__(self, driver):
        super().__init__(driver)

接着我们在element.py创建元素的基类，以后的元素类都继承自它

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait


class BaseElement(object):
    """Base page class that is initialized on every page object class."""

    locator = None

    def __set__(self, obj, value):
        """Sets the text to the value supplied"""
        driver = obj.driver
        WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(lambda dri: dri.find_element(*self.locator))
        driver.find_element(*self.locator).clear()
        driver.find_element(*self.locator).send_keys(value)

    def __get__(self, obj, owner):
        """Gets the specified element object"""
        driver = obj.driver
        WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(lambda dri: dri.find_element(*self.locator))
        self.element = driver.find_element(*self.locator)
        return self.element

    def click(self):
        self.element.click()

    def get_text(self):
        return self.element.get_attribute("value")

接着我们在locator.py创建定位器类，没什么特别，就是作为一个类似字典的静态类存放元素的位置

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By


class LonginPageLocators(object):
    """A class for login page locators. All login page locators should come here"""
    basic_username = (By.ID, 'basic_username')
    basic_password = (By.ID, 'basic_password')
    details_button = (By.ID, 'details-button')
    proceed_link = (By.ID, 'proceed-link')
    login_button = (By.ID, 'submitBtn')

准备工作就绪，那么我们来编写LoginPage吧~
首先组合我们需要的HTML元素，然后编写一个login业务函数进行业务处理。

class BasePage(object):
    """Base class to initialize the base page that will be called from all
    pages"""

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver


class LoginPage(BasePage):
    def __init__(self, driver):
        super().__init__(driver)

    class DetailButtonElement(BaseElement):
        locator = LonginPageLocators.details_button

    class ProceedLinkElement(BaseElement):
        locator = LonginPageLocators.proceed_link

    class UsernameTextElement(BaseElement):
        locator = LonginPageLocators.basic_username

    class PasswordTextElement(BaseElement):
        locator = LonginPageLocators.basic_password

    class LoginButtonElement(BaseElement):
        locator = LonginPageLocators.login_button

    class RankBoxElement(BaseElement):
        locator = LonginPageLocators.rank_box

    detail_button_ele = DetailButtonElement()
    proceed_link_ele = ProceedLinkElement()
    username_text_ele = UsernameTextElement()
    password_text_ele = PasswordTextElement()
    login_button_ele = LoginButtonElement()
    rank_box_ele = RankBoxElement()

    def login(self):
        self.detail_button_ele.click()
        self.proceed_link_ele.click()
        self.username_text_ele = 'admin'
        self.password_text_ele = '123456'
        self.login_button_ele.click()
        _ = self.rank_box_ele  # just test web is complete

_ = self.rank_box_ele小细节是用来测试是否进入主页面的。

回到单元测试.py添加测试函数，debug运行。

    def test_login(self):
        login_page = page.LoginPage(self.driver)
        login_page.login()

当我们登录成功后，我们就可以跳转到我们需要页面，进行脚本处理。当然了进入了新的页面，别忘了创建新的页面类。在我的例子中就是创建了新的页面类ResourceDetailPage以便完成后续的业务。

    def test_turn_to_resource(self):
        self.test_login()
        # 页面跳转
        self.driver.get("https://127.0.0.1:38000/#/resource/detail/3668")

    def test_resource_delete(self):
        self.test_turn_to_resource()
        # 创建新的page对象
        resource_detail_page = page.ResourceDetailPage(self.driver)
        # 在新的page处理业务...
        resource_detail_page.while_delete()