装饰器的作用是在不改变原有的代码基础上,添加新的功能
但是这样会有一个弊端,被装饰的函数某些属性会变改变
import time
def run_time(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
"""时间装饰器"""
time1 = time.time()
func(*args, **kwargs)
time2 = time.time()
cost_time = time2 - time1
return f"函数花了{cost_time}秒"
return wrapper
@run_time
def test():
"""测试"""
print([i for i in range(1, 100001) if i % 200 == 0])
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(test.__name__)
print(test.__doc__)
"""
结果
# wrapper
# 时间装饰器
"""
可以看到,我们明明打印的是test函数的__name__属性,最后显示的却是run_time的属性。
我们知道@run_time装饰器实际上就等于test = run_time(test),此时我们打印test.__name__实际上test已经指向了wrapper,这样会造成我们打印的时候会打印装饰器的内嵌函数的名字和注释。
使用wraps装饰器解决
wraps可以将原函数对象的指定属性复制给包装函数对象, 默认有 module、name、doc、qualname、__annotations__或者通过参数选择
import time
from functools import wraps
def run_time(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
"""时间装饰器"""
time1 = time.time()
func(*args, **kwargs)
time2 = time.time()
cost_time = time2 - time1
return f"函数花了{cost_time}秒"
return wrapper
@run_time
def test():
"""测试"""
print([i for i in range(1, 100001) if i % 200 == 0])
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(test.__name__)
print(test.__doc__)
"""
结果:
test
测试
"""
我们就只在原来的wrapper内函数上加了一个@wraps(func)装饰器,就可以打印出我们想要的结果了,这是因为wraps可以将原函数对象的指定属性复制给包装函数对象,我们可以查看它的源码
def wraps(wrapped,
assigned = WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
updated = WRAPPER_UPDATES):
"""Decorator factory to apply update_wrapper() to a wrapper function
Returns a decorator that invokes update_wrapper() with the decorated
function as the wrapper argument and the arguments to wraps() as the
remaining arguments. Default arguments are as for update_wrapper().
This is a convenience function to simplify applying partial() to
update_wrapper().
"""
return partial(update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped,
assigned=assigned, updated=updated)
三层装饰器
import time
from functools import wraps
def add_argument(argument):
def run_time(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
"""时间装饰器"""
print("-----argument------",argument)
time1 = time.time()
func(*args, **kwargs)
time2 = time.time()
cost_time = time2 - time1
print("---------cost_time---------",cost_time)
return f"函数花了{cost_time}秒"
return wrapper
return run_time
@add_argument("123")
def test():
"""测试"""
print([i for i in range(1, 100001) if i % 200 == 0])
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(test.__name__)
print(test.__doc__)
test()