帝国图书馆——文渊阁（译文三）

剖面中的天花板示意图.jpg

【译文】
三、关于结构

与所有的中国建筑一样，文渊阁也是典型的木质构架建筑。整体上严格地遵循了清工部《工程做法则例》卷四中“九檩重檐建筑”的规制要求（译者注：清工部《工程做法则例》卷四为“九檩楼房”），仅在内设暗层、歇山顶、檐下用斗拱这几处有所变化。

这栋建筑高达两层，屋柱高大，柱上梁架相互连接，承载起楼板与屋顶。“屋顶结构”是中国传统建筑的重要结构，由柱子上的几层梁架构成。需要特别指出的是，文渊阁屋顶较之《工程做法则例》有着更为舒缓的举折。楼板梁承载着又薄又扁的搁栅，尽管被置于远离中心的位置，但依然支撑着严重超载的楼板。笔者在1932年进行过调查，在拆除荷载后，由几根铁条连接在一起的楼板梁已经下陷超过8厘米。在中心位置，也就是那些（厚度）仅有净跨度六十分之一搁栅，也已经明显下垂。

文渊阁一层前后柱廊相对独立，上有单层披檐与建筑本体相连。另外，由于西侧尽间外又加了一个楼梯间，两侧山墙的剖面呈现出显著的差异。

文渊阁的天花板并非常规的藻井而是贴有壁纸的平面框架，一层和暗层天花板安置在上一层楼板梁的底部，二层的天花板则挂在屋顶的梁架之下。（译者注：为便于理解，此段根据原文进行了较大幅度调整，详见“天花板示意图”）

文渊阁立面.jpg

【原文】
CONSTRUCTION
Like all Chinese buildings, the Wen Yuan Kê was built with a wooden structural frame, or skeleton. As a whole it follows rather closely the regulation for a “Nine purlinned, two storied building” set forth in Chapter IV in the Kung-Cheng-tso-fa（工程做法）, only modifying it by the introduction of a mezzanine floor, a roof of “recessed gable” instead of the ordinary gable, and tou-kungs under the eaves.
The kê proper, two stories in height, is framed by very tall columns, which are tied to each other by beams and girders, whose chief function being the carrying of the roof and floor loads. The “roof frame” is of the orthodox Chinese construction, consisting of tiers of beams on posts. The only peculiarity deserving special mention is the gentleness of its slope in comparison with the Kung-ch’eng-tso-fa specifications. The floor beams, carrying joists of insufficient depth and excessive width, placed rather too far on centers, supported, till very recently, terrifically over-loaded floors. An investigation by the authors in 1932 showed that, after the removal of the load, the floor beams which are built up of several pieces and bound together by iron straps, have sagged more than 8 cm. at the center, about 1/60 of the clear span, and the joists have also sagged considerably.
The colonnade on the front and rear of the ground floor is separately framed and covered with a lean-to roof, and attached to the kê proper. The longitudinal section shows an interesting variation in the construction of the two gables on account of the additional bay to the west end.
Instead of the conventional caisson, the ceiling of the Wen Yuan Kê is paper on flat plain frame, attached to the bottom of the floor beams in the two lower stories, and hung from the roof beams in the upper story.