ubuntu 制作本地源 离线安装

对于一些不能访问Internet的服务器，需要通过离线安装软件。通过制作ubuntu本地源，可以实现通过apt install来离线安装软件。

1.首先需要在能访问网络的机器上，将需要安装的软件包及依赖下载到本地。

以安装expect为例：

a.  mkdir packages
b . cd packages

下载依赖包有两种方法，推荐方法二

方法一：

apt-get download expect && apt-cache depends -i expect | awk '/Depends:/ {print $2}' | xargs  apt-get download
若碰到类似下面的错误

W: Download is performed unsandboxed as root as file '/home/dongsongz/local/packages/cdebconf_0.213ubuntu1_amd64.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)
执行chown _apt:root  ../packages/

然后重新下载（上面apt-get download三条命令）

方法二：

下载除了用上面的apt-get downlaod方法外，一个更可靠的方法如下

mkdir -p /root/packages

mkdir -p /root/packages/partial

apt-get -o dir::cache::archives="/root/packages/" -d --reinstall install expect

下载的安装包都在/root/packages路径下。

若遇到目标已安装且不能重复安装导致不能下载，可以通过apt autoremove [package name]先卸载再下载。

c. dpkg-scanpackages . | gzip -9c > Packages.gz

Command 'dpkg-scanpackages' not found, but can be installed with:
apt install dpkg-dev

d. tar -zcf ubuntu_local_package.tar.gz packages/

2.将ubuntu_local_package.tar.gz拷贝到目标机器进行离线安装

tar zxf ubuntu_local_package.tar.gz -C localPackages/

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
echo "deb [trusted=yes] file:///home/dongsongz/local/localPackages/packages/    ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list

/home/dongsongz/local/localPackages/packages/替换为实际解压的路径

apt clean all
apt update
apt install -y tcl tk expect

3.安装完毕，测试一下

#/usr/bin/expect

spawn ssh [email protected]
expect {
	"*yes/no" {
		send "yes\n"
		expect "*password:" {
			send "letmein\r"
		}
	}
	"*password:" {
		send "letmein\r"
	}
}
expect "*#"
send "ls"
interact

expect -f login.sh 
spawn ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password: 
Last login: Tue Jul 21 19:18:36 2020 from ............
[root@cdh1 ~]# 

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