将区间内的元素转化为heap
make_heap()
对heap增加一个元素
push_heap()
对heap取出下一个元素
pop_heap()
对heap转化为一个已排序群集
sort_heap()
测试范围内的元素是否是一个二叉堆(C++11)
is_heap
C++11新增特性
返回有效二叉堆的最末范围。如果都有效,则返回last.也就是说,返回第一个破坏二叉堆结构元素的迭代器
is_heap_until
参数是迭代器,返回位置也是迭代器,指向第一个不符合大顶堆的元素
#include
#include
#include
int main()
{
// 如下两种初始化等价
// std::vector v = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9};
std::vector v{3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9};
std::make_heap(v.begin(), v.end());
// probably mess up the heap
// 如下元素可能会弄乱heap
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(6);
auto heap_end = std::is_heap_until(v.begin(), v.end());
// 9 5 4 1 1 3 2 6
std::cout << "all of v: ";
for (const auto& i : v)
std::cout << i << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
// 9 5 4 1 1 3 2
std::cout << "only heap: ";
for (auto i = v.begin(); i != heap_end; ++i)
std::cout << *i << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
将RandomIt的[first, last)之间的元素进行大顶堆(默认)构建
还可以手动设置小顶堆
第三个参数是less<>()或是greater<>(),前者用于生成大顶堆,后者用于生成小顶堆
第三个参数默认情况下为less<>(),less()用于生成大顶堆
对应头文件#include ,且一定要加括号less<>()
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
void display(vectorq)
{
for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) {
cout << q[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main() {
vector q;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
q.push_back(i);
}
make_heap(q.begin(), q.end(), less());
cout << "插入前" << endl;
display(q);
// 先 q.push_back 再 push_heap,不要弄反
q.push_back(12);
push_heap(q.begin(), q.end(), less());
cout << "插入后" << endl;
display(q);
return 0;
}
将堆顶部元素和最后一个位置的元素进行交换
#include
using namespace std;
void display(vector& q)
{
for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) {
cout << q[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
vector q;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
q.push_back(i);
}
make_heap(q.begin(), q.end(), less());
while(!q.empty()) {
pop_heap(q.begin(), q.end(), less());
// 将最后一个位置的堆顶元素及时取走
q.pop_back();
display(q);
}
return 0;
}
将堆进行排序,排序后,序列将失去堆的特性(子节点的键值总是小于/大于它的父节点)
它也具有三个参数,参数意义与make_heap()相同,第三个参数应与make_heap时的第三个参数保持一致
大顶堆sort_heap()后是一个递增序列,小顶堆是一个递减序列
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
void display(vectorq)
{
for (int i = 0; i < q.size(); i++) {
cout << q[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
vector q;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
q.push_back(i);
}
make_heap(q.begin(), q.end(), less());
cout << "sort前" << endl; // 9 8 6 7 4 5 2 0 3 1
display(q);
sort_heap(q.begin(), q.end(), less());
cout << "sort后" << endl; // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
display(q);
return 0;
}
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
void print(std::string text, std::vector const& v = {})
{
std::cout << text << ": ";
for (const auto& e : v)
std::cout << e << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
}
int main()
{
print("Max heap");
std::vector v{3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 9};
print("initially, v", v);
std::make_heap(v.begin(), v.end());
print("after make_heap, v", v);
std::pop_heap(v.begin(), v.end());
print("after pop_heap, v", v);
auto top = v.back();
v.pop_back();
print("former top element", {top});
print("after removing the former top element, v", v);
print("\nMin heap");
std::vector v1{3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 9};
print("initially, v1", v1);
std::make_heap(v1.begin(), v1.end(), std::greater<>{});
print("after make_heap, v1", v1);
std::pop_heap(v1.begin(), v1.end(), std::greater<>{});
print("after pop_heap, v1", v1);
auto top1 = v1.back();
v1.pop_back();
print("former top element", {top1});
print("after removing the former top element, v1", v1);
}