归并排序,简单来说就是先将数组不断细分成最小的单位,然后每个单位分别排序,排序完毕后合并,重复以上过程最后就可以得到排序结果。该算法采用经典的分治策略(分治法将问题分成一些小的问题然后递归求解,而治的阶段则将分的阶段得到的各答案"修补"在一起,即分而治之)。
其代码如下:
//排序入口
func mergeSort(arr:inout [Int]) {
if arr.count <= 1 {
return
}
process(arr: &arr, left: 0, right: arr.count - 1)
}
//该方法主要用作二分
func process(arr:inout [Int],left:Int,right:Int) {
if left == right {
return
}
let middle = left + (right - left) >> 1
process(arr: &arr, left: left, right: middle)
process(arr: &arr, left: middle + 1, right: right)
merge(arr: &arr, left: left, middle: middle, right: right)
}
//将二分后的数组进行合并
func merge(arr:inout [Int],left:Int,middle:Int,right:Int){
var help:[Int] = [Int]()
var leftLocation:Int = left
var rightLocation:Int = middle + 1
while (leftLocation <= middle && rightLocation <= right) {
if arr[leftLocation] <= arr[rightLocation] {
help.append(arr[leftLocation])
leftLocation += 1
}else{
help.append(arr[rightLocation])
rightLocation += 1
}
}
while leftLocation <= middle {
help.append(arr[leftLocation])
leftLocation += 1
}
while rightLocation <= right {
help.append(arr[rightLocation])
rightLocation += 1
}
var index = left
for item in help {
arr[index] = item
index += 1
}
}
其核心为
merge
方法:
- 1、准备两个变量分别指向二分后数组的左端,上方代码分别为
leftLocation
、rightLocation
- 2、比较
arr[leftLocation]
、arr[rightLocation]
位置上的数谁小,谁小取谁,并位置+1,直到其中一个走到终点;- 3、然后把未走到终点的数组添加到
help
数组中,然后修改回原数组。
具体merge如下图:
归并排序的非递归实现
//=== 通过步长来解决--非递归版的归并排序
func mergeSortFeidiGui(arr:inout [Int]) {
if arr.count <= 1 {
return
}
let maxCount = arr.count
//步长
var step:Int = 1
while step < maxCount {
var left:Int = 0
while left < maxCount {
let middle = left + step - 1
if middle > maxCount {
break
}
let right:Int = (middle + step) > (maxCount - 1) ? (maxCount - 1) : (middle + step)
merge(arr: &arr, left: left, middle: middle, right: right)
left = right + 1
}
if step > (maxCount / 2) {
break
}
step = step << 1
}
}
其核心思想-借助于
步长
的概念:
- 1、先让步长为1,然后使数组0-1、2-3、4-5、6-7、…………n-1到n,范围上的数组有序
- 2、然后步长翻倍,使数组0-4、4-8、8-12、…………n-3到N范围上的数有序
- 3、然后再步长翻倍,使数组有序
- 4、不断循环直到数组有序
小和问题
在一个数组中,每一个数左边比当前数小的数累加起来,叫做这个数组的小和。求一个数组 的小和。
例子:
[1,3,4,2,5]
1左边比1小的数,没有;
3左边比3小的数,1;
4左边比4小的数,1、3;
2左边比2小的数,1;
5左边比5小的数,1、3、4、2;
所以小和为1+1+3+1+1+3+4+2=16
func getArrMinCount(arr:inout [Int]) -> Int{
if arr.count < 2 {
return 0
}
return getProcess(arr: &arr,left: 0,right: arr.count - 1)
}
//该方法主要用作二分
func getProcess(arr:inout [Int],left:Int,right:Int) -> Int {
if left == right {
return 0
}
let middle = left + (right - left) >> 1
let leftCount = getProcess(arr: &arr, left: left, right: middle)
let rightCount = getProcess(arr: &arr, left: middle + 1, right: right)
let mergeCount = getMerge(arr: &arr, left: left, middle: middle, right: right)
return leftCount + rightCount + mergeCount
}
func getMerge(arr:inout [Int],left:Int,middle:Int,right:Int) -> Int{
var res:Int = 0
var help:[Int] = [Int]()
var leftLocation:Int = left
var rightLocation:Int = middle + 1
while leftLocation <= middle && rightLocation <= right {
if arr[leftLocation] < arr[rightLocation] {
help.append(arr[leftLocation])
let numberCount = right - rightLocation + 1
res += arr[leftLocation] * numberCount
print("===>\(arr[leftLocation]) --- > \(numberCount)")
leftLocation += 1
}else if arr[leftLocation] == arr[rightLocation]{
help.append(arr[rightLocation])
rightLocation += 1
}else{
help.append(arr[rightLocation])
rightLocation += 1
}
}
while leftLocation <= middle {
help.append(arr[leftLocation])
leftLocation += 1
}
while rightLocation <= right {
help.append(arr[rightLocation])
rightLocation += 1
}
var index:Int = left
for item in help {
arr[index] = item
index += 1
}
return res
}
在num数组中任意位置右边的数*2后依然比该位置数小,求数组中这样数的个数
func getArrNumberDouble(arr:inout [Int]) -> Int{
if arr.count < 2 {
return 0
}
return getNumberDoubleProcess(arr: &arr,left: 0,right: arr.count - 1)
}
//该方法主要用作二分
func getNumberDoubleProcess(arr:inout [Int],left:Int,right:Int) -> Int {
if left == right {
return 0
}
let middle = left + (right - left) >> 1
let leftCount = getNumberDoubleProcess(arr: &arr, left: left, right: middle)
let rightCount = getNumberDoubleProcess(arr: &arr, left: middle + 1, right: right)
let mergeCount = getNumberDoubleMerge(arr: &arr, left: left, middle: middle, right: right)
return leftCount + rightCount + mergeCount
}
func getNumberDoubleMerge(arr:inout [Int],left:Int,middle:Int,right:Int) -> Int{
var help:[Int] = [Int]()
var res:Int = 0
var l:Int = left
var r:Int = middle + 1
//[26,9,4,1]
print(" OOOOOOOOOO--- L >\(left) --- M >\(middle) --- R >\(right)")
while l <= middle {
while r <= right && arr[l] > arr[r] * 2{
r += 1
}
res = res + r - middle - 1
print(" --- > \(res) --- L >\(left) --- M >\(middle) --- R >\(right)")
l += 1
}
var leftLocation:Int = left
var rightLocation:Int = middle + 1
while leftLocation <= middle && rightLocation <= right {
if arr[leftLocation] < arr[rightLocation]{
help.append(arr[leftLocation])
leftLocation += 1
}else{
help.append(arr[rightLocation])
rightLocation += 1
}
}
while leftLocation <= middle {
help.append(arr[leftLocation])
leftLocation += 1
}
while rightLocation <= right {
help.append(arr[rightLocation])
rightLocation += 1
}
var index = left
for item in help {
arr[index] = item
index += 1
}
return res
}
思路如下:
1、在进行merge之前,先对数组中符合要求的数据做过滤并保存
2、边merge边进行符合要求数组的记录保存
其符合要求的数据做过滤及保存
逻辑如下
/**
左数组 右数组
[100,300,500,800] [20,200,220,260]
L R 100>20 * 2满足要求 记录res+1,R往右走
R 100<200 * 2不满足要求。 停止内层循环 L+1
L R 300<200*2 不满足要求。 停止内层循环 L+1
L R 500>200*2 满足要求 记录res+1,R往右走
L R 500>220*2 满足要求 记录res+1,R往右走
L R 500<260*2 不满足要求。 停止内层循环 L+1
L 800>260*2 满足要求 记录res+1,R往右走 触发r <= right
结束内层循环L+1后再触发外层循环,结束循环
*/