Level 6 Unit 3 Part 3 Listening Prison Experiment 1
监狱实验
In 1971 psychologists created one of the most important experiments in the history of psychology.
psychology
英 [saɪˈkɒlədʒi] 美 [saɪˈkɑ:lədʒi] n.心理学;心理状态;心理特点;心理影响
The experiment known as the Stanford Prison Experiment, looked at the impact of situations on human behavior.
这个被称为斯坦福监狱实验的实验，研究了环境对人类行为的影响。
The researchers, led by Philip Zimbardo, wanted to know how situations could affect how people behave.
In particular, they wanted to know if good people would change their personalities and lose their values.
In the experiment, participants were divided into two groups.
participant
英 [pɑ:ˈtɪsɪpənt] 美 [pɑ:rˈtɪsɪpənt] n.参加者，参与者;与会代表;参与国;关系者adj.参加的;有关系的
One group became prison guards and the other group became prison inmates.
inmate
英 [ˈɪnmeɪt] 美 [ˈɪnˌmet] n.居民;同居者;（监狱里的）犯人
The experiment was set up in Stanford University’s psychology building.
set up ：英 [set ʌp] 美 [sɛt ʌp] 建立;准备; 安排;引起
A group of 24 students was chosen to play the roles, 12 guards and 12 prisoners.
The students came from a large group of volunteers who wanted to participate in a psychology experiment.
Those who were chosen had no criminal background and had no significant medical or psychological problems.
They agreed to participate in the experiment for a one to two-week period.
The prisoners had to remain in prison 24 hours a day during the experiment.
Guards worked in teams of three and were assigned to work in eight-hour shifts.
eight-hour shift： 英 [eɪt ˈauə ʃift] 美 [et aʊr ʃɪft] 八小时工作制
assign :英 [əˈsaɪn] 美 [əˈsaɪn] vt. 分派，选派，分配;归于，归属;[法律] 把（财产，权利、利息）从一人转让给另一人;把…编制
Unlike the prisoners, they were free to return to their homes between shifts.
Hidden cameras and microphones were used to observe the behaviors of both the prisoners and guards.
The simulated prison included three small prison cells, 6 feet by 9 feet.
simulate ：英 [ˈsɪmjuleɪt] 美 [ˈsɪmjəˌlet] vt. 模拟;模仿;假装，冒充;[生]拟态 adj. 模仿的;假装的
cell 英 [sel] 美 [sɛl] n. 电池;<生>细胞;小牢房;<诗>墓穴 vi. 住在牢房或小室中 vt. 囚禁
Each cell had three small beds and held three prisoners.
There was also a closet that served as a solitary confinement room.
solitary ：英 [ˈsɒlətri] 美 [ˈsɑ:ləteri] adj. 独自的，独立的;单个的;唯一的;隐居的 n. 独居者，隐士;单独禁闭
closet ：英 [ˈklɒzɪt] 美 [ˈklɑ:zət] n. 壁橱;盥洗室;议事室，密室;贮藏室 adj. 隐蔽的，暗藏的;不公开的;秘密的，私下的;空谈的 vt. 把…关在房间里;把…引入内室密谈
confinement 英 [kənˈfaɪnmənt] 美 [kənˈfaɪnmənt] n. 监禁，关押;分娩，生产;限制，约束
serve as 英 [sə:v æz] 美 [sɚv æz] 为;充当， 担任；用作
This was used to isolate prisoners who needed to be punished for bad behavior.
isolate 英 [ˈaɪsəleɪt] 美 [ˈaɪsəˌlet] vt. 使隔离，使孤立;[电]使绝缘;[化]使离析;[微]使细菌分离 vi. 隔离，孤立 n. [微]分离菌;隔离种群 adj. 孤立的;隔离的，分离的
Guards were instructed not to physically harm the prisoners in any way.
Prisoners were to be addressed by their assigned numbers and never by name.
To prevent eye contact with the prisoners, guards wore mirrored sunglasses.
镜面太阳镜
This was done to dehumanize the relationship between guards and prisoners.
dehumanize： 英 [ˌdi:ˈhju:mənaɪz] 美 [diˈhjuməˌnaɪz] vt. 使失去人性，使非人化