Dockerfile是用来构建Docker镜像的文本文件,是由一条条构建镜像所需的指令和参数构成的脚本。
#
号表示注释从应用软件的角度来看,Dockerfile、Docker镜像与Docker容器分别代表软件的三个不同阶段,
Dockerfile面向开发,Docker镜像成为交付标准,Docker容器则涉及部署与运维,三者缺一不可,合力充当Docker体系的基石。
Dockerfile,需要定义一个Dockerfile,Dockerfile定义了进程需要的一切东西。Dockerfile涉及的内容包括执行代码或者是文件、环境变量、依赖包、运行时环境、动态链接库、操作系统的发行版、服务进程和内核进程(当应用进程需要和系统服务和内核进程打交道,这时需要考虑如何设计namespace的权限控制)等等;
Docker镜像,在用Dockerfile定义一个文件之后,docker build时会产生一个Docker镜像,当运行 Docker镜像时会真正开始提供服务;
Docker容器,容器是直接提供服务的。
RUN和CMD的区别
ENTRYPOINT
命令格式:ENTRYPOINT ["
ENTRYPOINT可以和CMD一起用,一般是变参才会使用 CMD ,这里的 CMD 等于是在给 ENTRYPOINT 传参。当指定了ENTRYPOINT后,CMD的含义就发生了变化,不再是直接运行其命令而是将CMD的内容作为参数传递给ENTRYPOINT指令,他两个组合会变成
案例:
假设已通过 Dockerfile 构建了 nginx:test 镜像:
FROM nginx
ENTRYPOINT ["nginx", "-c"] # 定参
CMD ["/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"] # 变参
是否传参 | Docker命令 | 衍生出的实际命令 |
---|---|---|
按照dockerfile编写执行 | docker run nginx:test | nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf |
传参运行 | docker run nginx:test -c /etc/nginx/new.conf | nginx -c /etc/nginx/new.conf |
总结:
编写dockerfile文件
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER jiang<[email protected]>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
#安装vim编辑器
RUN yum -y install vim
#安装ifconfig命令查看网络IP
RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "------ok--------"
CMD /bin/bash
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# pwd
/dockerfile
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# cat mydockerfile-centos
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER jiang<2790810983@qq.com>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
#安装vim编辑器
RUN yum -y install vim
#安装ifconfig命令查看网络IP
RUN yum -y install net-tools
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "------ok--------"
CMD /bin/bash
构建docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:1.0 .
(注意:. 前面有空格;官方命名Dockerfile,使用其编写文件,build时不需要-f指定文件)
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:1.0 .
[+] Building 76.7s (8/8) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from mydockerfile-centos 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 318B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 16.9s
=> [1/4] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 11.8s
=> => resolve docker.io/library/centos:7@sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 0.0s
=> => sha256:9d4bcbbb213dfd745b58be38b13b996ebb5ac315fe75711bd618426a630e0987 1.20kB / 1.20kB 0.0s
=> => sha256:dead07b4d8ed7e29e98de0f4504d87e8880d4347859d839686a31da35a3b532f 529B / 529B 0.0s
=> => sha256:eeb6ee3f44bd0b5103bb561b4c16bcb82328cfe5809ab675bb17ab3a16c517c9 2.75kB / 2.75kB 0.0s
=> => sha256:2d473b07cdd5f0912cd6f1a703352c82b512407db6b05b43f2553732b55df3bc 76.10MB / 76.10MB 6.6s
=> => extracting sha256:2d473b07cdd5f0912cd6f1a703352c82b512407db6b05b43f2553732b55df3bc 4.8s
=> [2/4] WORKDIR /usr/local 0.1s
=> [3/4] RUN yum -y install vim 40.6s
=> [4/4] RUN yum -y install net-tools 4.3s
=> exporting to image 2.8s
=> => exporting layers 2.7s
=> => writing image sha256:b7a758d3704aa39b122ac1684fd8555406a5ea213ae5907308b96a9be53cd38d 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/mycentos:1.0 0.0s
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mycentos 1.0 b7a758d3704a 27 seconds ago 666MB
运行(可以看到在基础的镜像上增加了vim和查看ip的功能)
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker run -it b7a758d3704a /bin/bash
[root@4f4c909635fe local]# vim a.txt
[root@4f4c909635fe local]# cat a.txt
aaa
[root@4f4c909635fe local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.5 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:05 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 8 bytes 656 (656.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
查看镜像生成过程docker history 镜像ID
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker history b7a758d3704a
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
b7a758d3704a 28 minutes ago CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin/bash"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
<missing> 28 minutes ago CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo \"------ok--------… 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
28 minutes ago CMD [" /bin/sh" "-c" "echo $MYPATH"] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
28 minutes ago EXPOSE map[80/tcp:{}] 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
28 minutes ago RUN /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools # bu… 189MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
28 minutes ago RUN /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim # buildkit 274MB buildkit.dockerfile.v0
29 minutes ago WORKDIR /usr/local 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
29 minutes ago ENV MYPATH=/usr/local 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
29 minutes ago MAINTAINER jiang<[email protected]> 0B buildkit.dockerfile.v0
23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD [" /bin/bash"] 0B
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
<missing> 23 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4… 204MB
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]#
编写Dockerfile文件
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER jiang<[email protected]>
ADD jdk-8u381-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.78.tar.gz /usr/local
RUN yum -y install vim
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_381
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/bin/logs/catalina.out
构建镜像docker build -t tomcat-jiang:1.0 .
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker build -t tomcat-jiang:1.0 .
[+] Building 0.2s (10/10) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 639B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:7 0.0s
=> [1/5] FROM docker.io/library/centos:7 0.0s
=> [internal] load build context 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 99B 0.0s
=> CACHED [2/5] ADD jdk-8u381-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local 0.0s
=> CACHED [3/5] ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.78.tar.gz /usr/local 0.0s
=> CACHED [4/5] RUN yum -y install vim 0.0s
=> CACHED [5/5] WORKDIR /usr/local 0.0s
=> exporting to image 0.0s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:a955df44eb4b65dee47a3dabdec2df4dd3af83e467d9bc6734ea9da5ebbfaf06 0.0s
=> => naming to docker.io/library/tomcat-jiang:1.0
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat-jiang 1.0 a955df44eb4b 2 hours ago 837MB
mycentos 1.0 b7a758d3704a 5 hours ago 666MB
运行即可访问到主页docker run -id --name=tomcat-jiang -p 8080:8080 -v /home/tomcat-jiang/webapps/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/webapps/test -v /home/tomcat-jiang/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.78/logs tomcat-jiang:1.0
仓库名、标签信息都是
的镜像,俗称dangling image
docker image ls -f dangling=true
查看虚悬镜像docker image prune
删除自定义一个虚悬镜像:
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# vim danglingdockerfile
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# cat danglingdockerfile
FROM ubuntu
CMD echo'--------ok--------'
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker build -f danglingdockerfile .
[+] Building 17.0s (5/5) FINISHED docker:default
=> [internal] load build definition from danglingdockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 88B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest 16.8s
=> [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/ubuntu@sha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322 0.1s
=> => resolve docker.io/library/ubuntu@sha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322 0.0s
=> => sha256:626ffe58f6e7566e00254b638eb7e0f3b11d4da9675088f4781a50ae288f3322 1.42kB / 1.42kB 0.0s
=> => sha256:7cc0576c7c0ec2384de5cbf245f41567e922aab1b075f3e8ad565f508032df17 529B / 529B 0.0s
=> => sha256:ba6acccedd2923aee4c2acc6a23780b14ed4b8a5fa4e14e252a23b846df9b6c1 1.46kB / 1.46kB 0.0s
=> exporting to image 0.0s
=> => exporting layers 0.0s
=> => writing image sha256:bceab7bc196f17008c0ef5c5333dc29217c84ab0e4669b0a66021e1481eb5a86 0.0s
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mytomcat 1.0 85a142640f0d 33 minutes ago 837MB
mingdajiang/mytomcat 1.0 85a142640f0d 33 minutes ago 837MB
mycentos 1.0 b7a758d3704a 3 hours ago 666MB
<none> <none> bceab7bc196f 22 months ago 72.8MB
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker image ls -f dangling=true
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> bceab7bc196f 22 months ago 72.8MB
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
deleted: sha256:bceab7bc196f17008c0ef5c5333dc29217c84ab0e4669b0a66021e1481eb5a86
Total reclaimed space: 0B
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]# docker image ls -f dangling=true
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@VM-4-9-centos dockerfile]#
新建微服务模块
生成jar包
编写Dockerfile vim Dockerfile
# 基础镜像
FROM openjdk:8u102
# 作者
MAINTAINER jiang<[email protected]>
# 将jar包放到容器中
COPY finance.jar finance.jar
# 运行jar包
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "finance.jar"]
# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080
将微服务jar包上传到和Dockerfile同一目录
[root@VM-4-9-centos finance]# ls
Dockerfile finance.jar
[root@VM-4-9-centos finance]#
构建镜像 docker build -t finance:1.0 .
运行容器 docker run -id -p 9000:8080 --name financeapp -v /home/finance/log:/var/applogs finance:1.0
访问测试