2012年高考英语天津卷 - 阅读理解C

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic skill. However, while today's educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful - both in school and in life.
学生无休止地从黑板上抄写字母和句子的做法已经成为过去。随着计算机和智能手机等新技术的到来，手写已经成为一种过时的技能。然而，尽管今天的教育工作者在教学中使用了越来越多的技术，但许多人认为，学生要想在学校和生活中取得成功，基本的书写技能仍然是必要的。

Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it's important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand．
华盛顿大学教育心理学教授维吉尼亚·伯宁格表示，继续教授书写并帮助儿童掌握手写技能非常重要。

Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks - both on a computer and by hand. The study，published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
伯宁格和她的同事进行了一项研究，考察了学生完成各种写作任务的能力——无论是电脑还是手写。这项发表于2009年的研究发现，在用纸笔写作时，参与者写的文章更长，句子更完整，单词拼写速度更快。

In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student's writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write." Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas." Berninger said.
在最近的一项研究中，伯宁格研究了拼写在学生写作技能中所起的作用，发现拼写的好坏与他们的写作能力密切相关。＂拼写使大脑的一些思考部分活跃起来，帮助我们获取词汇、词义和概念。它使我们的书面语言与思想联系起来。”伯宁格说。

Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe "those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen," the study said. Seeing the words in the"mind's eye" helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
该研究称，拼写帮助学生首先将想法翻译成脑海中的单词，然后将“脑海中的单词转录到纸上、键盘上和屏幕上的符号中”。伯宁格说，看到“大脑的眼睛”中的单词不仅有助于孩子们将想法转换成单词，而且有助于孩子们在写下单词时发现拼写错误，然后随着时间的推移进行纠正。

"In our computer age, some people believe that we don't have to teach spelling because we have spell checks, "she said. "But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won't have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer."
“在我们的计算机时代，一些人认为我们不必教拼写，因为我们有拼写检查，”她说。“但直到一个孩子的拼写能力达到五年级左右，他才可以在计算机提供的选项中选择正确的拼写。”