git获取最后一次提交commit的用户

git show --stat或git show -s用来获取最后一次commit的简介信息：

git show --s

输出结果：

commit 32c6da406ebfda28a4a7ac8eefd59a104a2a4022 (HEAD -> master, origin/master, origin/HEAD)
Author: Ivan Li 
Date:   Mon Mar 25 09:47:27 2019 +0800

    update: just build unittest by some git authors

加上--format或--pretty来提取你想要的信息。如想要摘取author，则用'%an'：

git show -s --format=%an

输出：

Ivan Li
(END)

这里的输出是一个read界面，可以用一个变量来存储结果，方便后面做其他使用：

author=$(git show -s --format=%an)
echo $author

输出：

Ivan Li

--format的更多格式化格式，参加PRETTY FORMATS，copy如下：

The placeholders are:

• '%H': commit hash

• '%h': abbreviated commit hash

• '%T': tree hash

• '%t': abbreviated tree hash

• '%P': parent hashes

• '%p': abbreviated parent hashes

• '%an': author name

• '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog[1] or git-blame[1])

• '%ae': author email

• '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog[1] or git-blame[1])

• '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)

• '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style

• '%ar': author date, relative

• '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp

• '%ai': author date, ISO 8601-like format

• '%aI': author date, strict ISO 8601 format

• '%cn': committer name

• '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog[1] or git-blame[1])

• '%ce': committer email

• '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog[1] or git-blame[1])

• '%cd': committer date (format respects --date= option)

• '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style

• '%cr': committer date, relative

• '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp

• '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601-like format

• '%cI': committer date, strict ISO 8601 format

• '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of git-log[1]

• '%D': ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.

• '%S': ref name given on the command line by which the commit was reached (like git log --source), only works with git log

• '%e': encoding

• '%s': subject

• '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename

• '%b': body

• '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)

• '%N': commit notes

• '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit

• '%G?': show "G" for a good (valid) signature, "B" for a bad signature, "U" for a good signature with unknown validity, "X" for a good signature that has expired, "Y" for a good signature made by an expired key, "R" for a good signature made by a revoked key, "E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key) and "N" for no signature

• '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit

• '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit

• '%GF': show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit

• '%GP': show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used to sign a signed commit

• '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., refs/stash@{1} or refs/stash@{2 minutes ago}; the format follows the rules described for the -g option. The portion before the @ is the refname as given on the command line (so git log -g refs/heads/master would yield refs/heads/master@{0}).

• '%gd': shortened reflog selector; same as %gD, but the refname portion is shortened for human readability (so refs/heads/master becomes just master).

• '%gn': reflog identity name

• '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog[1] or git-blame[1])

• '%ge': reflog identity email

• '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see git-shortlog[1] or git-blame[1])

• '%gs': reflog subject

• '%Cred': switch color to red

• '%Cgreen': switch color to green

• '%Cblue': switch color to blue

• '%Creset': reset color

• '%C(…​)': color specification, as described under Values in the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of git-config[1]. By default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output (by color.diff, color.ui, or --color, and respecting the auto settings of the former if we are going to a terminal). %C(auto,…​) is accepted as a historical synonym for the default (e.g.,%C(auto,red)). Specifying %C(always,…​) will show the colors even when color is not otherwise enabled (though consider just using --color=always to enable color for the whole output, including this format and anything else git might color). auto alone (i.e. %C(auto)) will turn on auto coloring on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.

• '%m': left (<), right (>) or boundary (-) mark

• '%n': newline

• '%%': a raw '%'

• '%x00': print a byte from a hex code

• '%w([[,[,]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of git-shortlog[1].

• '%<([,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary. Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc) or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns. Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.

• '%<|()': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary

• '%>()', '%>|()': similar to '%<()', '%<|()' respectively, but padding spaces on the left

• '%>>()', '%>>|()': similar to '%>()', '%>|()' respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces

• '%><()', '%><|()': similar to '%<()', '%<|()' respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)

• %(trailers[:options]): display the trailers of the body as interpreted by git-interpret-trailers[1]. The trailers string may be followed by a colon and zero or more comma-separated options. If the only option is given, omit non-trailer lines from the trailer block. If the unfold option is given, behave as if interpret-trailer’s --unfold option was given. E.g., %(trailers:only,unfold) to do both.