zookeeper的ACL权限控制
ACL：Access Control List 访问控制列表
1. 简介
0.概述
ACL 权限控制，使用：scheme:id:perm 来标识，主要涵盖 3 个方面：
权限模式（Scheme）：授权的策略
授权对象（ID）:授权的对象
权限（Permission）:授予的权限
其特性如下：
ZooKeeper的权限控制是基于每个znode节点的，需要对每个节点设置权限
每个znode支持设置多种权限控制方案和多个权限
子节点不会继承父节点的权限，客户端无权访问某节点，但可能可以访问它的子节点
例如:
setAcl /test2 ip:128.0.0.1:crwda
1. scheme 采用何种方式授权
world：默认方式，相当于全部都能访问
auth：代表已经认证通过的用户(cli中可以通过addauth digest user:pwd 来添加当前上下文中的授权用户)
digest：即用户名:密码这种方式认证，这也是业务系统中最常用的。用 username:password 字符串来产生一个MD5串，然后该串被用来作为ACL ID。认证是通过明文发送username:password 来进行的，当用在ACL时，表达式为username:base64 ，base64是password的SHA1摘要的编码。
ip：使用客户端的主机IP作为ACL ID 。这个ACL表达式的格式为addr/bits ，此时addr中的有效位与客户端addr中的有效位进行比对。
2. ID 给谁授予权限
授权对象ID是指，权限赋予的用户或者一个实体，例如：IP 地址或者机器。授权模式 schema 与 授权对象 ID 之间
3. permission 授予什么权限
CREATE、READ、WRITE、DELETE、ADMIN 也就是 增、删、改、查、管理权限，这5种权限简写为crwda
注意:
这5种权限中，delete是指对子节点的删除权限，其它4种权限指对自身节点的操作权限
更详细的如下:
CREATE c 可以创建子节点
DELETE d 可以删除子节点（仅下一级节点）
READ r 可以读取节点数据及显示子节点列表
WRITE w 可以设置节点数据
ADMIN a 可以设置节点访问控制列表权限
2.ACL 相关命令
getAcl getAcl
setAcl setAcl
addauth addauth
3.测试zkCli设置权限
1.word方式
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 9] create /test1 test1-value Created /test1 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 10] getAcl /test1 #创建的默认是所有用户都可以进行cdrwa 'world,'anyone : cdrwa [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 11] setAcl /test1 world:anyone:acd #修改为所有人可以acd cZxid = 0x400000007 ctime = Tue Mar 12 14:46:55 CST 2019 mZxid = 0x400000007 mtime = Tue Mar 12 14:46:55 CST 2019 pZxid = 0x400000007 cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 1 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 11 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 12] getAcl /test1 'world,'anyone : cda
2.IP的方式
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 13] create /test2 test2-value Created /test2 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 14] setAcl /test2 ip:127.0.0.1:crwda #修改此IP具有所有权限 cZxid = 0x400000009 ctime = Tue Mar 12 14:51:58 CST 2019 mZxid = 0x400000009 mtime = Tue Mar 12 14:51:58 CST 2019 pZxid = 0x400000009 cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 1 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 11 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 15] getAcl /test2 'ip,'127.0.0.1 : cdrwa
当然可以设置IP的时候使用多个ip的方式，比如:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 42] setAcl /t3 ip:192.168.0.164:cdwra,ip:127.0.0.1:cdwra cZxid = 0x400000018 ctime = Tue Mar 12 15:12:59 CST 2019 mZxid = 0x400000018 mtime = Tue Mar 12 15:12:59 CST 2019 pZxid = 0x400000018 cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 1 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 2 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 43] getAcl /t3 'ip,'192.168.0.164 : cdrwa 'ip,'127.0.0.1 : cdrwa
3. Auth
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 44] create /t4 44 Created /t4 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 45] addauth digest qlq:111222 #增加授权用户,明文用户名和密码 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 46] setAcl /t4 auth:qlq:cdwra #授予权限 cZxid = 0x40000001d ctime = Tue Mar 12 15:16:56 CST 2019 mZxid = 0x40000001d mtime = Tue Mar 12 15:16:56 CST 2019 pZxid = 0x40000001d cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 1 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 2 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 48] getAcl /t4 'digest,'qlq:JWNEexxIoeVompjU7O5pZzTU+VQ= : cdrwa
如果重新连接之后获取会报没权限，需要添加授权用户:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /t4 Authentication is not valid : /t4 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 6] addauth digest qlq:111222 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] get /t4 44 cZxid = 0x40000001d ctime = Tue Mar 12 15:16:56 CST 2019 mZxid = 0x40000001d mtime = Tue Mar 12 15:16:56 CST 2019 pZxid = 0x40000001d cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 1 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 2 numChildren = 0
4. Digest
setAcl /test digest:用户名:密码:权限
密码是用户名和密码加密后的字符串。
(1)生成密码:sha1加密之后base64编码
package zd.dms.test;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
String usernameAndPassword = "user:123456";
byte digest[] = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1").digest(usernameAndPassword.getBytes());
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
String encodeToString = base64.encodeToString(digest);
System.out.println(encodeToString);
}
}
6DY5WhzOfGsWQ1XFuIyzxkpwdPo=
(2)设置权限
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] setAcl /t6 digest:user:6DY5WhzOfGsWQ1XFuIyzxkpwdPo=:crwda #授权 cZxid = 0x400000028 ctime = Tue Mar 12 15:50:02 CST 2019 mZxid = 0x400000028 mtime = Tue Mar 12 15:50:02 CST 2019 pZxid = 0x400000028 cversion = 0 dataVersion = 0 aclVersion = 1 ephemeralOwner = 0x0 dataLength = 4 numChildren = 0 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 8] getAcl /t6 'digest,'user:6DY5WhzOfGsWQ1XFuIyzxkpwdPo= : cdrwa
直接删除会不允许，也必须增加摘要之后才能删除
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] rmr /t6 #直接删除没权限 Authentication is not valid : /t6 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] addauth digest user:123456 #增加认证用户 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] rmr /t6 [zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] ls / [t4, curator, test2, zookeeper, test1, t3]=
5.Java原生的zookeperAPI的ACL
1.创建节点回顾
原来我们创建节点的时候如下:
package zookeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
public class BaseAPI {
private static ZooKeeper zoo;
final static CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
public static ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
zoo = new ZooKeeper(host, 5000, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
connectedSignal.countDown();
}
}
});
connectedSignal.await();
return zoo;
}
public void close() throws InterruptedException {
zoo.close();
}
public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
zoo.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
final String path = "/t7";
final ZooKeeper connect = connect("127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,127.0.0.1:2183");
connect.create(path, "777".getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
}
}
可以看到create方法的第三个参数就是ACL集合,使用的是与zkCli方式一样的word:anyone:crwda 默认方式
如下:
/**
* This is a completely open ACL .
*/
public final ArrayList OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE = new ArrayList(
Collections.singletonList(new ACL(Perms.ALL, ANYONE_ID_UNSAFE)));
public interface Perms {
int READ = 1 << 0;
int WRITE = 1 << 1;
int CREATE = 1 << 2;
int DELETE = 1 << 3;
int ADMIN = 1 << 4;
int ALL = READ | WRITE | CREATE | DELETE | ADMIN;
}
public interface Ids {
public final Id ANYONE_ID_UNSAFE = new Id("world", "anyone");
public final Id AUTH_IDS = new Id("auth", "");
public final ArrayList OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE = new ArrayList(
Collections.singletonList(new ACL(Perms.ALL, ANYONE_ID_UNSAFE)));
public final ArrayList CREATOR_ALL_ACL = new ArrayList(
Collections.singletonList(new ACL(Perms.ALL, AUTH_IDS)));
public final ArrayList READ_ACL_UNSAFE = new ArrayList(
Collections
.singletonList(new ACL(Perms.READ, ANYONE_ID_UNSAFE)));
}
自己手动写一个采用IP的方式设置ACL的方法:
package zookeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Perms;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.ACL;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Id;
public class BaseAPI {
private static ZooKeeper zoo;
final static CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
public static ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
zoo = new ZooKeeper(host, 5000, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
connectedSignal.countDown();
}
}
});
connectedSignal.await();
return zoo;
}
public void close() throws InterruptedException {
zoo.close();
}
public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
zoo.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
final String path = "/t9";
final ZooKeeper connect = connect("127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,127.0.0.1:2183");
// 创建ACL
ACL acl = new ACL();
// 创建Id，也可以设置构造方法传入scheme和id
Id id = new Id("ip", "192.168.0.164");
acl.setId(id);
acl.setPerms(Perms.ALL);
List acls = new ArrayList<>();
acls.add(acl);
connect.create(path, "777".getBytes(), acls, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
}
}
获取ACL:
package zookeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Perms;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.ACL;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Id;
public class BaseAPI {
private static ZooKeeper zoo;
final static CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
public static ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
zoo = new ZooKeeper(host, 5000, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
connectedSignal.countDown();
}
}
});
connectedSignal.await();
return zoo;
}
public void close() throws InterruptedException {
zoo.close();
}
public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
zoo.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
final String path = "/t9";
final ZooKeeper connect = connect("127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,127.0.0.1:2183");
List acls = connect.getACL("/t9", connect.exists("/t9", false));
for (ACL acl : acls) {
System.out.println(acl.getPerms());
System.out.println(acl.getId());
}
}
}
结果：
31
'ip,'192.168.0.164
zkCli客户端进行验证:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 7] getAcl /t9 'ip,'192.168.0.164 : cdrwa
补充:权限的计算方法:
<<：左移位，在低位处补0； &与（AND），对两个整型操作数中对应位执行布尔代数，两个位都为1时输出1，否则0。
1
10
100
1000
10000
按位与之后是:11111 也就是十进制的31.
2.修改ACL
修改节点 /t10 节点的acl访问方式采用digest:user:111222
package zookeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Perms;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.ACL;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Id;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
public class BaseAPI {
private static ZooKeeper zoo;
final static CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
public static ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
zoo = new ZooKeeper(host, 5000, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
connectedSignal.countDown();
}
}
});
connectedSignal.await();
return zoo;
}
public void close() throws InterruptedException {
zoo.close();
}
public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
zoo.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
final String path = "/t10";
final ZooKeeper connect = connect("127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,127.0.0.1:2183");
// 创建ACL
ACL acl = new ACL();
// 创建Id，也可以设置构造方法传入scheme和id
Id id = new Id("digest", "user:6DY5WhzOfGsWQ1XFuIyzxkpwdPo=");
acl.setId(id);
acl.setPerms(Perms.ALL);
List acls = new ArrayList<>();
acls.add(acl);
// 修改ACL
Stat setACL = connect.setACL(path, acls, connect.exists(path, false).getAversion());
// 获取Acl
System.out.println(connect.getACL(path, setACL));
}
}
结果：
[31,s{'digest,'user:6DY5WhzOfGsWQ1XFuIyzxkpwdPo=}
]
zkCli客户端进行验证:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 26] getAcl /t10 'digest,'user:6DY5WhzOfGsWQ1XFuIyzxkpwdPo= : cdrwa
3.访问上面的节点会报错没权限
package zookeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Perms;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.ACL;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Id;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
public class BaseAPI {
private static ZooKeeper zoo;
final static CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
public static ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
zoo = new ZooKeeper(host, 5000, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
connectedSignal.countDown();
}
}
});
connectedSignal.await();
return zoo;
}
public void close() throws InterruptedException {
zoo.close();
}
public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
zoo.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
final String path = "/t10";
final ZooKeeper connect = connect("127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,127.0.0.1:2183");
byte[] data = connect.getData(path, false, null);
System.out.println(new String(data, "UTF-8"));
}
}
结果：
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info.
Exception in thread "main" org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$NoAuthException: KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /t10
at org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.create(KeeperException.java:113)
at org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.create(KeeperException.java:51)
at org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper.getData(ZooKeeper.java:1212)
at org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper.getData(ZooKeeper.java:1241)
at zookeper.BaseAPI.main(BaseAPI.java:42)
4. 解决办法:连接的connection增加用户信息
package zookeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
public class BaseAPI {
private static ZooKeeper zoo;
final static CountDownLatch connectedSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
public static ZooKeeper connect(String host) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
zoo = new ZooKeeper(host, 5000, new Watcher() {
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
connectedSignal.countDown();
}
}
});
connectedSignal.await();
return zoo;
}
public void close() throws InterruptedException {
zoo.close();
}
public static void create(String path, byte[] data) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
zoo.create(path, data, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
final String path = "/t10";
final ZooKeeper connect = connect("127.0.0.1:2181,127.0.0.1:2182,127.0.0.1:2183");
// 会话添加用户和密码信息
connect.addAuthInfo("digest", "user:123456".getBytes());
byte[] data = connect.getData(path, false, null);
System.out.println(new String(data, "UTF-8"));
}
}
结果：
10