SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ系列(二)Exchange的四种类型

Exchange是什么

我们可以将 Exchange 当做一个消息的中转站,所有的消息在发送到指定队列前都要经过这一层中转站。中转站再根据某些规则进行匹配来决定将消息分发到哪些队列中。

Exchange的几种类型

  1. Direct(默认)
    只有当 Routing Key 等于 Binding Key 时,消息才会被路由到队列中。
  2. Fanout
    实现了一种广播机制,将消息发送到所有与这个 Exchange 绑定的队列中。
  3. Topic
    定义了一种匹配规则,同样根据 Routing Key 和 Binding Key 进行模糊匹配,更加灵活。
  4. Headers
    Headers Exchange 会忽略 RoutingKey 而根据消息中的 Headers 和创建绑定关系时指定的 Arguments 来匹配决定路由到哪些 Queue,其性能比较差而且 Direct Exchange 完全可以代替它,所以不建议使用。

Exchange 的创建与绑定

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "队列名"),
            exchange = @Exchange(name = "交换机名称"), key = "Binding Key"))
    public void listen(String msg) {
        log.info("成功消费队列的消息: {}", msg);
    }

以上就是一个通过注解声明队列同时绑定Exchange的一个列子。
如果仅声明一条队列,那么当它被创建时,后台会自动将这个队列绑定到一个名称为空的 Direct Exchange 上,绑定 Routing Key 与队列名称相同。

代码示例

package com.jiangzhe.rabbitmq.chapter2;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;

@Slf4j
@EnableScheduling
@SpringBootApplication
public class Chapter2Application {
    private static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE_NAME = "amqp.fanout";
    private static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME = "amqp.topic";
    private static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE_NAME = "amqp.direct";

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Chapter2Application.class, args);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "direct"),
            exchange = @Exchange(name = DIRECT_EXCHANGE_NAME), key = "direct.cn"))
    public void listenDirect(String msg, Message message) {
        String consumerQueue = message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue();
        log.info("成功消费队列 {} 的消息: {}", consumerQueue, msg);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "fanoutA"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT, name = FANOUT_EXCHANGE_NAME)),
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "fanoutB"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT, name = FANOUT_EXCHANGE_NAME)),
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(value = "fanoutC"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT, name = FANOUT_EXCHANGE_NAME))})
    public void listenFanout(String msg, Message message) {
        String consumerQueue = message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue();
        log.info("成功消费队列 {} 的消息: {}", consumerQueue, msg);
    }

    /**
     * 其中*代表匹配任意的一个词,#代表匹配0或多个词
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "topicA"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC, name = TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME), key = "topic.cn.#"),
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "topicB"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC, name = TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME), key = "topic.com.*"),
            @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "topicC"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC, name = TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME), key = "topic.#"),
    })
    public void listenTopic(String msg, Message message) {
        String consumerQueue = message.getMessageProperties().getConsumerQueue();
        log.info("成功消费队列 {} 的消息: {}", consumerQueue, msg);
    }

    @Scheduled(initialDelay = 2000, fixedRate = 1000000)
    public void send() throws InterruptedException {
        log.info("----------------------------");
        log.info("direct");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DIRECT_EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct.cn", "hello");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        log.info("----------------------------");
        log.info("fanout");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(FANOUT_EXCHANGE_NAME, "这个值无效", "hello");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        log.info("----------------------------");
        log.info("to topicC and topicC");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic.com.a", "hello");
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        log.info("----------------------------");
        log.info("to topicA and topicC");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(TOPIC_EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic.cn", "hello");
    }

}

输出结果

2019-11-02 12:54:09.775  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : ----------------------------
2019-11-02 12:54:09.775  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : direct
2019-11-02 12:54:09.849  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#2-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 direct 的消息: hello
2019-11-02 12:54:10.809  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : ----------------------------
2019-11-02 12:54:10.809  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : fanout
2019-11-02 12:54:10.839  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#1-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 fanoutA 的消息: hello
2019-11-02 12:54:10.839  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#1-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 fanoutB 的消息: hello
2019-11-02 12:54:10.839  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#1-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 fanoutC 的消息: hello
2019-11-02 12:54:11.809  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : ----------------------------
2019-11-02 12:54:11.809  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : to topicC and topicC
2019-11-02 12:54:11.838  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#0-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 topicB 的消息: hello
2019-11-02 12:54:11.838  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#0-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 topicC 的消息: hello
2019-11-02 12:54:12.810  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : ----------------------------
2019-11-02 12:54:12.810  INFO 2756 --- [   scheduling-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : to topicA and topicC
2019-11-02 12:54:12.840  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#0-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 topicC 的消息: hello
2019-11-02 12:54:12.840  INFO 2756 --- [ntContainer#0-1] c.j.r.chapter2.Chapter2Application       : 成功消费队列 topicA 的消息: hello

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