Guava学习笔记:Preconditions优雅的检验参数

Guava学习笔记:Preconditions优雅的检验参数


简介

在日常开发中,我们经常会对方法的输入参数做一些数据格式上的验证,以便保证方法能够按照正常流程执行下去。对于可预知的一些数据上的错误,我们一定要做事前检测和判断,来避免程序流程出错,而不是完全通过错误处理来保证流程正确执行,毕竟错误处理是比较消耗资源的方式。在平常情况下我们对参数的判断都需要自己来逐个写方法判断,代码量不少并且复用性不高,如下所示:

import org.junit.Test;

public class PreconditionsTest {

    @Test
    public void preconditions() throws Exception{
        getPerson(8, "peida");
        getPerson(-9,"peida");
        getPerson(8,"");
        getPerson(8,null);
    }

    public void getPerson(int age, String name) {
        if(age > 0 && name != null && name.isEmpty() != true){
            System.out.println("a person age:" + age + ",name:" + name);
        }else {
            System.out.println("参数输入有误!");
        }
    }

}

运行结果如下:

a person age:8,name:peida
参数输入有误!
参数输入有误!
参数输入有误!

说明:参数验证,我们每次都要添加if语句来做判断, 重复的工作会做好多次。getPerson方法只有2个参数,验证规则也不是很复杂,如果参数过度,验证规则复杂后,上面代码的可读性都会很差的,复用性就更谈不上了。

Guava类库中提供了一个作参数检查的工具类--Preconditions类, 该类可以大大地简化我们代码中对于参数的预判断和处理,让我们对方法输入参数的验证实现起来更加简单优雅,下面我们看看Preconditions类的使用实例:

@Test
    public void preconditions_1() throws Exception {

        getPersonByPrecondition(8,"peida");

        try {
            getPersonByPrecondition(-9,"peida");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        try {
            getPersonByPrecondition(8,"");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        try {
            getPersonByPrecondition(8,null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static void getPersonByPrecondition(int age,String name)throws Exception{
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(name, "name为null");
        Preconditions.checkArgument(name.length()>0, "name为\'\'");
        Preconditions.checkArgument(age>0, "age 必须大于0");
        System.out.println("a person age:"+age+",name:"+name);
    }

运行结果如下:

a person age:8,name:peida
age 必须大于0
name为''
name为null

Preconditions里面的方法

  • 1.checkArgument(boolean)
    功能描述:检查boolean是否为真。 用作方法中检查参数
    失败时抛出的异常类型: IllegalArgumentException

  • 2.checkNotNull(T)
    功能描述:检查value不为null, 直接返回value;
    失败时抛出的异常类型:NullPointerException

  • 3.checkState(boolean)
    功能描述:检查对象的一些状态,不依赖方法参数。例如,Ierator可以用来next是否在remove之前被调用。失败时抛出的异常类型:IllegalStateException

  • 4.checkElementIndex(int index, int size)
    功能描述:检查index是否为在一个长度为size的list, string或array合法的范围。 index的范围区间是[0, size)(包含0不包含size)。无需直接传入list, string或array, 只需传入大小。返回index。失败时抛出的异常类型:IndexOutOfBoundsException

  • 5.checkPositionIndex(int index, int size)
    功能描述:检查位置index是否为在一个长度为size的list, string或array合法的范围。 index的范围区间是[0, size)(包含0不包含size)。无需直接传入list, string或array, 只需传入大小。返回index。失败时抛出的异常类型:IndexOutOfBoundsException

  • 6.checkPositionIndexes(int start, int end, int size)
    功能描述:检查[start, end)是一个长度为size的list,string或array合法的范围子集。伴随着错误信息。失败时抛出的异常类型:IndexOutOfBoundsException

一个比较实用的实例:

    @Test
    public void preconditions_2() throws Exception {
        getPersonByPrecondition(8, "peida");

        try {
            getPersonByPrecondition(-9, "peida");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("e.getStackTrace():" + e.getStackTrace());
            System.out.println("e.getMessage():" + e.getMessage());
            System.out.println("e.getCause():" + e.getCause());
            System.out.println("e.getSuppressed():" + e.getSuppressed());
        }

        try {
            getPersonByPrecondition(8, "");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("getPersonByPrecondition(8, \"\")==============");

        try {
            getPersonByPrecondition(8, null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("getPersonByPrecondition(8, null)==============");

        List intList = new ArrayList();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try {
                System.out.println("i:" + i);
                checkState(intList, 9);
                intList.add(i);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            }

        }

        System.out.println("checkState(intList, 9)===========");

        try {
            checkPositionIndex(intList, 3);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("checkPositionIndex(intList, 3)================");

        try {
            checkPositionIndex(intList, 13);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("checkPositionIndex(intList, 13)==============");

        try {
            checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 7);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 7)============");

        try {
            checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 17);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 17)===============");

        try {
            checkPositionIndexes(intList, 13, 17);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("checkPositionIndexes(intList, 13, 17)==============");

        try {
            checkElementIndex(intList, 6);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("checkElementIndex(intList, 6)===================");

        try {
            checkElementIndex(intList, 16);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

        System.out.println("checkElementIndex(intList, 16)=================");
    }

    public static void getPersonByPrecondition(int age, String name) throws Exception {
        Preconditions.checkNotNull(name, "name为null");
        Preconditions.checkArgument(name.length() > 0, "name为\'\'");
        Preconditions.checkArgument(age > 0, "age 必须大于0");
        System.out.println("a person age:" + age + ",name:" + name);
    }

    public static void checkState(List intList, int index) throws Exception {
        //表达式为true不抛异常
        Preconditions.checkState(intList.size() < index, " intList size 不能大于" + index);
    }

    public static void checkPositionIndex(List intList, int index) throws Exception {
        Preconditions.checkPositionIndex(index, intList.size(), "index " + index + " 不在 list中, List size为:" + intList.size());
    }

    public static void checkPositionIndexes(List intList, int start, int end) throws Exception {
        Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes(start, end, intList.size());
    }

    public static void checkElementIndex(List intList, int index) throws Exception {
        Preconditions.checkElementIndex(index, intList.size(), "index 为 " + index + " 不在 list中, List size为: " + intList.size());
    }

打印结果如下:

a person age:8,name:peida
e.getStackTrace():[Ljava.lang.StackTraceElement;@6833ce2c
e.getMessage():age 必须大于0
e.getCause():null
e.getSuppressed():[Ljava.lang.Throwable;@725bef66
name为''
getPersonByPrecondition(8, "")==============
name为null
getPersonByPrecondition(8, null)==============
i:0
i:1
i:2
i:3
i:4
i:5
i:6
i:7
i:8
i:9
intList size 不能大于9
checkState(intList, 9)===========
checkPositionIndex(intList, 3)================
index 13 不在 list中, List size为:9 (13) must not be greater than size (9)
checkPositionIndex(intList, 13)==============
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 7)============
end index (17) must not be greater than size (9)
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 17)===============
start index (13) must not be greater than size (9)
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 13, 17)==============
checkElementIndex(intList, 6)===================
index 为 16 不在 list中, List size为: 9 (16) must be less than size (9)
checkElementIndex(intList, 16)=================

Guava的preconditions有这样几个优点

  • 在静态导入后, 方法很明确无歧义, checkNotNull可以清楚地告诉你它是干什么的, 它会抛出怎样的异常.
  • checkNotNull在验证通过后直接返回, 可以这样方便地写代码: this.field = checkNotNull(field).
  • 简单而又强大的可变参数'printf'风格的自定义错误信息.

参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/peida/p/Guava_Preconditions.html

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