Guava学习笔记:Preconditions优雅的检验参数
简介
在日常开发中,我们经常会对方法的输入参数做一些数据格式上的验证,以便保证方法能够按照正常流程执行下去。对于可预知的一些数据上的错误,我们一定要做事前检测和判断,来避免程序流程出错,而不是完全通过错误处理来保证流程正确执行,毕竟错误处理是比较消耗资源的方式。在平常情况下我们对参数的判断都需要自己来逐个写方法判断,代码量不少并且复用性不高,如下所示:
import org.junit.Test;
public class PreconditionsTest {
@Test
public void preconditions() throws Exception{
getPerson(8, "peida");
getPerson(-9,"peida");
getPerson(8,"");
getPerson(8,null);
}
public void getPerson(int age, String name) {
if(age > 0 && name != null && name.isEmpty() != true){
System.out.println("a person age:" + age + ",name:" + name);
}else {
System.out.println("参数输入有误!");
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
a person age:8,name:peida
参数输入有误!
参数输入有误!
参数输入有误!
说明:参数验证,我们每次都要添加if语句来做判断, 重复的工作会做好多次。getPerson方法只有2个参数,验证规则也不是很复杂,如果参数过度,验证规则复杂后,上面代码的可读性都会很差的,复用性就更谈不上了。
Guava类库中提供了一个作参数检查的工具类--Preconditions类, 该类可以大大地简化我们代码中对于参数的预判断和处理,让我们对方法输入参数的验证实现起来更加简单优雅,下面我们看看Preconditions类的使用实例:
@Test
public void preconditions_1() throws Exception {
getPersonByPrecondition(8,"peida");
try {
getPersonByPrecondition(-9,"peida");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
try {
getPersonByPrecondition(8,"");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
try {
getPersonByPrecondition(8,null);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public static void getPersonByPrecondition(int age,String name)throws Exception{
Preconditions.checkNotNull(name, "name为null");
Preconditions.checkArgument(name.length()>0, "name为\'\'");
Preconditions.checkArgument(age>0, "age 必须大于0");
System.out.println("a person age:"+age+",name:"+name);
}
运行结果如下:
a person age:8,name:peida
age 必须大于0
name为''
name为null
Preconditions里面的方法
1.checkArgument(boolean)
功能描述:检查boolean是否为真。 用作方法中检查参数
失败时抛出的异常类型: IllegalArgumentException2.checkNotNull(T)
功能描述:检查value不为null, 直接返回value;
失败时抛出的异常类型:NullPointerException3.checkState(boolean)
功能描述:检查对象的一些状态,不依赖方法参数。例如,Ierator可以用来next是否在remove之前被调用。失败时抛出的异常类型:IllegalStateException4.checkElementIndex(int index, int size)
功能描述:检查index是否为在一个长度为size的list, string或array合法的范围。 index的范围区间是[0, size)(包含0不包含size)。无需直接传入list, string或array, 只需传入大小。返回index。失败时抛出的异常类型:IndexOutOfBoundsException5.checkPositionIndex(int index, int size)
功能描述:检查位置index是否为在一个长度为size的list, string或array合法的范围。 index的范围区间是[0, size)(包含0不包含size)。无需直接传入list, string或array, 只需传入大小。返回index。失败时抛出的异常类型:IndexOutOfBoundsException6.checkPositionIndexes(int start, int end, int size)
功能描述:检查[start, end)是一个长度为size的list,string或array合法的范围子集。伴随着错误信息。失败时抛出的异常类型:IndexOutOfBoundsException
一个比较实用的实例:
@Test
public void preconditions_2() throws Exception {
getPersonByPrecondition(8, "peida");
try {
getPersonByPrecondition(-9, "peida");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("e.getStackTrace():" + e.getStackTrace());
System.out.println("e.getMessage():" + e.getMessage());
System.out.println("e.getCause():" + e.getCause());
System.out.println("e.getSuppressed():" + e.getSuppressed());
}
try {
getPersonByPrecondition(8, "");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("getPersonByPrecondition(8, \"\")==============");
try {
getPersonByPrecondition(8, null);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("getPersonByPrecondition(8, null)==============");
List intList = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
System.out.println("i:" + i);
checkState(intList, 9);
intList.add(i);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
System.out.println("checkState(intList, 9)===========");
try {
checkPositionIndex(intList, 3);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("checkPositionIndex(intList, 3)================");
try {
checkPositionIndex(intList, 13);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("checkPositionIndex(intList, 13)==============");
try {
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 7);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 7)============");
try {
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 17);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 17)===============");
try {
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 13, 17);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("checkPositionIndexes(intList, 13, 17)==============");
try {
checkElementIndex(intList, 6);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("checkElementIndex(intList, 6)===================");
try {
checkElementIndex(intList, 16);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("checkElementIndex(intList, 16)=================");
}
public static void getPersonByPrecondition(int age, String name) throws Exception {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(name, "name为null");
Preconditions.checkArgument(name.length() > 0, "name为\'\'");
Preconditions.checkArgument(age > 0, "age 必须大于0");
System.out.println("a person age:" + age + ",name:" + name);
}
public static void checkState(List intList, int index) throws Exception {
//表达式为true不抛异常
Preconditions.checkState(intList.size() < index, " intList size 不能大于" + index);
}
public static void checkPositionIndex(List intList, int index) throws Exception {
Preconditions.checkPositionIndex(index, intList.size(), "index " + index + " 不在 list中, List size为:" + intList.size());
}
public static void checkPositionIndexes(List intList, int start, int end) throws Exception {
Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes(start, end, intList.size());
}
public static void checkElementIndex(List intList, int index) throws Exception {
Preconditions.checkElementIndex(index, intList.size(), "index 为 " + index + " 不在 list中, List size为: " + intList.size());
}
打印结果如下:
a person age:8,name:peida
e.getStackTrace():[Ljava.lang.StackTraceElement;@6833ce2c
e.getMessage():age 必须大于0
e.getCause():null
e.getSuppressed():[Ljava.lang.Throwable;@725bef66
name为''
getPersonByPrecondition(8, "")==============
name为null
getPersonByPrecondition(8, null)==============
i:0
i:1
i:2
i:3
i:4
i:5
i:6
i:7
i:8
i:9
intList size 不能大于9
checkState(intList, 9)===========
checkPositionIndex(intList, 3)================
index 13 不在 list中, List size为:9 (13) must not be greater than size (9)
checkPositionIndex(intList, 13)==============
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 7)============
end index (17) must not be greater than size (9)
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 3, 17)===============
start index (13) must not be greater than size (9)
checkPositionIndexes(intList, 13, 17)==============
checkElementIndex(intList, 6)===================
index 为 16 不在 list中, List size为: 9 (16) must be less than size (9)
checkElementIndex(intList, 16)=================
Guava的preconditions有这样几个优点
- 在静态导入后, 方法很明确无歧义, checkNotNull可以清楚地告诉你它是干什么的, 它会抛出怎样的异常.
- checkNotNull在验证通过后直接返回, 可以这样方便地写代码: this.field = checkNotNull(field).
- 简单而又强大的可变参数'printf'风格的自定义错误信息.
参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/peida/p/Guava_Preconditions.html