【Make编译控制 08】CMake动静态库
目录
一、编译动静态库
二、链接静态库
三、链接动态库
前情提示：【Make编译控制 07】CMake常用命令-CSDN博客
有些时候我们编写的源代码并不需要将他们编译生成可执行程序，而是生成一些静态库或动态库提供给第三方使用，所以我们需要用到 add_library 命令来生成库。
一、编译动静态库
add_library(库名称 库类型 源文件1 [源文件2] ...)
# 编译动态库
add_library(库名称 SHARED 源文件1 [源文件2] ...)
# 在Linux中，动态库名字分为三部分：lib+库名字+.so，
# 此处只需要指定出库的名字就可以了，另外两部分在生成该文件的时候会自动填充。
# 编译静态库
add_library(库名称 STATIC 源文件1 [源文件2] ...)
# 在Linux中，静态库名字分为三部分：lib+库名字+.a
# 和动态库一样，只用写出库名。
# 在Windows中虽然库名和Linux格式不同，但也只需指定出名字即可。(base) [root@localhost 10_test]# tree .
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│ ├── add.h
│ └── sub.h
└── src
├── add.cpp
├── main.cpp
└── sub.cpp
2 directories, 6 files
(base) [root@localhost 10_test]## CMakeLists.txt 文件
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(MATH)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
aux_source_directory(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src SRC_LIST)
list(REMOVE_ITEM SRC_LIST ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main.cpp)
# ----------------- 编译静态库 -----------------
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
# EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH 用于指定输出路径
# 在Linux下生成的动态库默认是有执行权限的，所以可以直接用 EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH 宏
# Linux下生成的静态库默认不具有可执行权限，所以需要用 LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH 宏
# LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH 宏对静态库和动态库都适用
add_library(myaddsub STATIC ${SRC_LIST})
# add_library(myaddsub SHARED ${SRC_LIST})(base) [root@localhost build]# cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /root/gitee/Test/Make_Learn/10_test/build
(base) [root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target myaddsub
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/myaddsub.dir/src/add.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/myaddsub.dir/src/sub.cpp.o
Linking CXX static library ../lib/libmyaddsub.a
[100%] Built target myaddsub
(base) [root@localhost build]# tree ..
..
├── build
│ ├── CMakeCache.txt
│ ├── CMakeFiles
│ │ ├── 2.8.12.2
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeSystem.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CompilerIdC
│ │ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ │ └── CMakeCCompilerId.c
│ │ │ └── CompilerIdCXX
│ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ └── CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
│ │ ├── cmake.check_cache
│ │ ├── CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake
│ │ ├── CMakeOutput.log
│ │ ├── CMakeTmp
│ │ ├── Makefile2
│ │ ├── Makefile.cmake
│ │ ├── myaddsub.dir
│ │ │ ├── build.make
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean_target.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CXX.includecache
│ │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake
│ │ │ ├── depend.internal
│ │ │ ├── depend.make
│ │ │ ├── flags.make
│ │ │ ├── link.txt
│ │ │ ├── progress.make
│ │ │ └── src
│ │ │ ├── add.cpp.o
│ │ │ └── sub.cpp.o
│ │ ├── progress.marks
│ │ └── TargetDirectories.txt
│ ├── cmake_install.cmake
│ └── Makefile
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│ ├── add.h
│ └── sub.h
├── lib
│ └── libmyaddsub.a
└── src
├── add.cpp
├── main.cpp
└── sub.cpp
11 directories, 38 files二、链接静态库
link_libraries( [...])
# 参数1：指定出要链接的静态库的名字，可以是完整库名，也可以是去掉前后缀的库名
# 参数2-N：要链接的其它静态库的名字 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(MATH)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
aux_source_directory(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src SRC_LIST)
list(REMOVE_ITEM SRC_LIST ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main.cpp)
# ----------------- 编译静态库 -----------------
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
# EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH 用于指定输出路径
# 在Linux下生成的动态库默认是有执行权限的，所以可以直接用 EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH 宏
# Linux下生成的静态库默认不具有可执行权限，所以需要用 LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH 宏
# LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH 宏对静态库和动态库都适用
add_library(myaddsub STATIC ${SRC_LIST})
# add_library(myaddsub SHARED ${SRC_LIST})
# ----------------- 链接静态库 -----------------
link_libraries(myaddsub)
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/workspace)
add_executable(app ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main.cpp)(base) [root@localhost build]# cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /root/gitee/Test/Make_Learn/10_test/build
(base) [root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target myaddsub
[ 33%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/myaddsub.dir/src/add.cpp.o
[ 66%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/myaddsub.dir/src/sub.cpp.o
Linking CXX static library ../lib/libmyaddsub.a
[ 66%] Built target myaddsub
Scanning dependencies of target app
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/app.dir/src/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable ../workspace/app
[100%] Built target app
(base) [root@localhost build]# tree ..
..
├── build
│ ├── CMakeCache.txt
│ ├── CMakeFiles
│ │ ├── 2.8.12.2
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeSystem.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CompilerIdC
│ │ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ │ └── CMakeCCompilerId.c
│ │ │ └── CompilerIdCXX
│ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ └── CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
│ │ ├── app.dir
│ │ │ ├── build.make
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CXX.includecache
│ │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake
│ │ │ ├── depend.internal
│ │ │ ├── depend.make
│ │ │ ├── flags.make
│ │ │ ├── link.txt
│ │ │ ├── progress.make
│ │ │ └── src
│ │ │ └── main.cpp.o
│ │ ├── cmake.check_cache
│ │ ├── CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake
│ │ ├── CMakeOutput.log
│ │ ├── CMakeTmp
│ │ ├── Makefile2
│ │ ├── Makefile.cmake
│ │ ├── myaddsub.dir
│ │ │ ├── build.make
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean_target.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CXX.includecache
│ │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake
│ │ │ ├── depend.internal
│ │ │ ├── depend.make
│ │ │ ├── flags.make
│ │ │ ├── link.txt
│ │ │ ├── progress.make
│ │ │ └── src
│ │ │ ├── add.cpp.o
│ │ │ └── sub.cpp.o
│ │ ├── progress.marks
│ │ └── TargetDirectories.txt
│ ├── cmake_install.cmake
│ └── Makefile
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│ ├── add.h
│ └── sub.h
├── lib
│ └── libmyaddsub.a
├── src
│ ├── add.cpp
│ ├── main.cpp
│ └── sub.cpp
└── warkspace
└── app
14 directories, 49 files
(base) [root@localhost build]# ../workspace/app
10 + 5 = 15
10 - 5 = 5
(base) [root@localhost build]# 三、链接动态库
target_link_libraries(
- ...
[
- ...]...)
target：指定要加载动态库的文件的名字
- 该文件可能是一个源文件
- 该文件可能是一个动态库文件
- 该文件可能是一个可执行文件
PRIVATE|PUBLIC|INTERFACE：动态库的访问权限，默认为PUBLIC
- 如果各个动态库之间没有依赖关系，无需做任何设置，三者没有没有区别，一般无需指定，使用默认的 PUBLIC 即可。
- 动态库的链接具有传递性，如果动态库 A 链接了动态库B、C，动态库D链接了动态库A，此时动态库D相当于也链接了动态库B、C，并可以使用动态库B、C中定义的方法。
动态库的链接和静态库是完全不同的：
- 静态库会在生成可执行程序的链接阶段被打包到可执行程序中，所以可执行程序启动，静态库就被加载到内存中了。
- 动态库在生成可执行程序的链接阶段不会被打包到可执行程序中，当可执行程序被启动并且调用了动态库中的函数的时候，动态库才会被加载到内存。
因此，在cmake中指定要链接的动态库的时候，应该将命令写到生成了可执行文件之后：
# CMakeLists.txt 文件
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(MATH)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
aux_source_directory(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src SRC_LIST)
list(REMOVE_ITEM SRC_LIST ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main.cpp)
# ----------------- 编译动态库 -----------------
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
# EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH 用于指定输出路径
# 在Linux下生成的动态库默认是有执行权限的，所以可以直接用 EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH 宏
# Linux下生成的静态库默认不具有可执行权限，所以需要用 LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH 宏
# LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH 宏对静态库和动态库都适用
# add_library(myaddsub STATIC ${SRC_LIST})
add_library(myaddsub SHARED ${SRC_LIST})
# ----------------- 链接动态库 -----------------
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/workspace)
add_executable(app ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(app myaddsub pthread)
# 可以连接多个动态库(base) [root@localhost build]# cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /root/gitee/Test/Make_Learn/10_test/build
(base) [root@localhost build]# make
Scanning dependencies of target myaddsub
[ 33%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/myaddsub.dir/src/add.cpp.o
[ 66%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/myaddsub.dir/src/sub.cpp.o
Linking CXX shared library ../lib/libmyaddsub.so
[ 66%] Built target myaddsub
Scanning dependencies of target app
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/app.dir/src/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable ../workspace/app
[100%] Built target app
(base) [root@localhost build]# tree ..
..
├── build
│ ├── CMakeCache.txt
│ ├── CMakeFiles
│ │ ├── 2.8.12.2
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin
│ │ │ ├── CMakeSystem.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CompilerIdC
│ │ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ │ └── CMakeCCompilerId.c
│ │ │ └── CompilerIdCXX
│ │ │ ├── a.out
│ │ │ └── CMakeCXXCompilerId.cpp
│ │ ├── app.dir
│ │ │ ├── build.make
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CXX.includecache
│ │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake
│ │ │ ├── depend.internal
│ │ │ ├── depend.make
│ │ │ ├── flags.make
│ │ │ ├── link.txt
│ │ │ ├── progress.make
│ │ │ └── src
│ │ │ └── main.cpp.o
│ │ ├── cmake.check_cache
│ │ ├── CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake
│ │ ├── CMakeOutput.log
│ │ ├── CMakeTmp
│ │ ├── Makefile2
│ │ ├── Makefile.cmake
│ │ ├── myaddsub.dir
│ │ │ ├── build.make
│ │ │ ├── cmake_clean.cmake
│ │ │ ├── CXX.includecache
│ │ │ ├── DependInfo.cmake
│ │ │ ├── depend.internal
│ │ │ ├── depend.make
│ │ │ ├── flags.make
│ │ │ ├── link.txt
│ │ │ ├── progress.make
│ │ │ └── src
│ │ │ ├── add.cpp.o
│ │ │ └── sub.cpp.o
│ │ ├── progress.marks
│ │ └── TargetDirectories.txt
│ ├── cmake_install.cmake
│ └── Makefile
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│ ├── add.h
│ └── sub.h
├── lib
│ └── libmyaddsub.so
├── src
│ ├── add.cpp
│ ├── main.cpp
│ └── sub.cpp
└── workspace
└── app
14 directories, 48 files
(base) [root@localhost build]# ../workspace/app
10 + 5 = 15
10 - 5 = 5
(base) [root@localhost build]#