从Windows 7开始,微软在操作系统中加入的Soft AP功能,使用户能够通过无线网卡,开启虚拟AP,从而实现网络共享。Soft AP又称HostedNetwork(承载网络),在Windows SDK中,提供了相应的API,以WlanHostedNetwork***开头的一系列函数。
要编码实现Soft AP,首先需要添加相应的头文件及lib库
1 #include <wlanapi.h> 2 #include <iphlpapi.h> 3 #include <winsock2.h> 4 #pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") 5 #pragma comment(lib, "Wlanapi.lib") 6 #pragma comment(lib, "IPHLPAPI.lib"
其中,wlanapi.h是无线网络API的声明文件,函数名一般以Wlan开头。iphlpapi.h用于调用GetAdapterInfo函数,获取网络虚拟接口信息。
和winsock套接字编程类似,Wlan库使用前需获得句柄,并进行版本协商,只不过都在WlanOpenHandle实现了。使用完句柄后,调用WlanCloseHandle关闭以释放资源。
WlanOpenHandle原形如下:
1 DWORD WINAPI WlanOpenHandle( 2 _In_ DWORD dwClientVersion, 3 _Reserved_ PVOID pReserved, 4 _Out_ PDWORD pdwNegotiatedVersion, 5 _Out_ PHANDLE phClientHandle 6 );
dwClientVersion指定程序期望使用的Wlan版本,使用宏WLAN_API_VERSION代替。从vista开始,版本号为2,xp系统为1。协商后的版本通过参数pdwNegotiatedVersion返回,通过检查主版本号来验证(如下代码所示)。句柄通过phClient返回。
1 DWORD dwError = 0; 2 DWORD dwServiceVersion = 0; 3 HANDLE hClient = NULL; 4 5 if (ERROR_SUCCESS != (dwError = WlanOpenHandle( 6 WLAN_API_VERSION, 7 NULL, // reserved 8 &dwServiceVersion, 9 &hClient 10 ))) 11 { 12 return -1; 13 } 14 15 // check service version 16 if (WLAN_API_VERSION_MAJOR(dwServiceVersion) < WLAN_API_VERSION_MAJOR(WLAN_API_VERSION_2_0)) 17 { 18 WlanCloseHandle(hClient, NULL); 19 }
启动承载网络前,需要将模式配置为allow状态,并设置SSID和密码。可以调用WlanHostedNetworkSetProperty进行设置,WlanHostedNetworkSetProperty原型如下:
1 DWORD WINAPI WlanHostedNetworkSetProperty( 2 _In_ HANDLE hClientHandle, 3 _In_ WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_OPCODE OpCode, 4 _In_ DWORD dwDataSize, 5 _In_ PVOID pvData, 6 _Out_opt_ PWLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_REASON pFailReason, 7 _Reserved_ PVOID pvReserved 8 );
其中hClientHandle是我们之前调用WlanOpenHnadle获得的句柄;dwDataSize指定了pvData缓冲区的大小,而pvData指向的变量类型取决与OpCode的取值。OpCode为WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_OPCODE枚举,如果指定为wlan_hosted_network_opcode_enable,那么pvData传入一个BOOL型的变量指针,用于指示承载网络模式为允许还是禁止(allow/disallow);如果OpCode为wlan_hosted_network_opcode_connection_settings,那么pvData指向WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_CONNECTION_SETTINGS结构体,指定承载网络的SSID和最大连接数目(peer count).
示例代码:
1 // 设置承载网络模式为允许 2 BOOL bIsAllow = TRUE; 3 WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_REASON dwFailedReason; 4 DWORD dwReturnValue = WlanHostedNetworkSetProperty(hWlanClient, 5 wlan_hosted_network_opcode_enable, 6 sizeof(BOOL), 7 &bIsAllow, 8 &dwFailedReason, 9 NULL); 10 11 if(ERROR_SUCCESS != dwReturnValue) 12 { 13 return -1; 14 } 15 16 17 18 19 // 设置承载网络的SSID和最大连接数 20 WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_CONNECTION_SETTINGS wlanConnectionSetting; 21 memset(&wlanConnectionSetting, 0, sizeof(WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_CONNECTION_SETTINGS)); 22 23 // WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_CONNECTION_SETTINGS中的SSID字段必须为ANSI类型,因此如果程序使用的是Unicode,则需要做转换。 24 #ifdef _UNICODE 25 WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 26 0, 27 strSSID.GetBuffer(0), // 保存SSID的CString类型 28 strSSID.GetLength(), // SSID字符串的长度 29 (LPSTR)wlanConnectionSetting.hostedNetworkSSID.ucSSID, 30 32, 31 NULL, 32 NULL); 33 #else 34 memcpy(wlanConnectionSetting.hostedNetworkSSID.ucSSID, strSSID.GetBuffer(0), strlen(strSSID.GetBuffer(0))); 35 #endif 36 37 wlanConnectionSetting.hostedNetworkSSID.uSSIDLength = strlen((const char*)wlanConnectionSetting.hostedNetworkSSID.ucSSID); 38 wlanConnectionSetting.dwMaxNumberOfPeers = 100; 39 40 dwReturnValue = WlanHostedNetworkSetProperty(m_hWlanClient, 41 wlan_hosted_network_opcode_connection_settings, 42 sizeof(WLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_CONNECTION_SETTINGS), 43 &wlanConnectionSetting, 44 &dwFailedReason, 45 NULL); 46 if(ERROR_SUCCESS != dwReturnValue) 47 { 48 return -1; 49 }
调用WlanHostedNetworkSetSecondaryKey函数,设置承载网络的连接密码,函数原型如下:
1 DWORD WINAPI WlanHostedNetworkSetSecondaryKey( 2 _In_ HANDLE hClientHandle, 3 _In_ DWORD dwKeyLength, 4 _In_ PUCHAR pucKeyData, 5 _In_ BOOL bIsPassPhrase, 6 _In_ BOOL bPersistent, 7 _Out_opt_ PWLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_REASON pFailReason, 8 _Reserved_ PVOID pvReserved 9 );
hClientHandle是我们之前调用WlanOpenHnadle获得的句柄;
bIsPassPhrase表明传入pucKeyData的密码是否为口令格式,如果是口令格式,则是8-63位的ASCII字符串,该参数设置为TRUE;如果为16进制的binary,参数设置为FALSE;
dwKeyLength是密码缓冲区的长度,密码为口令格式时,必须包括结尾的'\0'
pucKeyData如果字符串,则必须为ANSI类型,因此如果IDE环境将字符串配置为UNICODE,需要做转换,可使用WideCharToMultiByte,或者T2A,W2A宏。
bPersistent用来指示密码是否是持久的。如果不是,那么该密码只在本次启动有效;否则下次启动Soft AP依然使用本次设置的密码。
示例代码:
1 UCHAR keyBuf[100] = {0}; 2 #ifdef _UNICODE 3 WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 4 0, 5 strSecondaryKey.GetBuffer(0), 6 strSecondaryKey.GetLength(), 7 (LPSTR)keyBuf, 8 100, 9 NULL, 10 NULL); 11 #else 12 memcpy(keyBuf, strSecondaryKey.GetBuffer(0), strlen(strSecondaryKey.GetBuffer(0))); 13 #endif 14 dwReturnValue = WlanHostedNetworkSetSecondaryKey(m_hWlanClient, 15 strlen((const char*)keyBuf) + 1, 16 keyBuf, 17 TRUE, 18 FALSE, 19 &dwFailedReason, 20 NULL); 21 if(ERROR_SUCCESS != dwReturnValue) 22 { 23 return -1; 24 }
启动或者停止Soft AP,需要用到如下四个函数:
1 DWORD WINAPI WlanHostedNetworkStartUsing( 2 _In_ HANDLE hClientHandle, 3 _Out_opt_ PWLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_REASON pFailReason, 4 _Reserved_ PVOID pvReserved 5 ); 6 7 8 DWORD WINAPI WlanHostedNetworkStopUsing( 9 _In_ HANDLE hClientHandle, 10 _Out_opt_ PWLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_REASON pFailReason, 11 _Reserved_ PVOID pvReserved 12 ); 13 14 DWORD WINAPI WlanHostedNetworkForceStart( 15 _In_ HANDLE hClientHandle, 16 _Out_opt_ PWLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_REASON pFailReason, 17 _Reserved_ PVOID pvReserved 18 ); 19 20 DWORD WINAPI WlanHostedNetworkForceStop( 21 _In_ HANDLE hClientHandle, 22 _Out_opt_ PWLAN_HOSTED_NETWORK_REASON pFailReason, 23 _Reserved_ PVOID pvReserved 24 );
参数的含义很直观,这里不再做更多地解释。值得注意的是,如果用StartUsing或者StopUsing版本的函数时,如果有客户端连接到了AP,调用WlanHostedNetworkStopUsing并不能立即停止Soft AP,而要等到客户端主动断开连接后,Soft AP才会停止。如果调用带Force的函数版本,则会强制停止Soft AP,不管是否有客户端正在连接到该AP上。当然,调用带Force的函数版本需要程序以管理员方式启动。
示例代码:
1 dwReturnValue = WlanHostedNetworkStartUsing(m_hWlanClient, &dwFailedReason, NULL); 2 if(ERROR_SUCCESS != dwReturnValue) 3 { 4 if (wlan_hosted_network_reason_interface_unavailable == dwFailedReason) 5 { 6 return 0; 7 } 8 return -1; 9 } 10 11 dwReturnValue = WlanHostedNetworkStopUsing(m_hWlanClient, &dwFailedReason, NULL); 12 if (ERROR_SUCCESS != dwReturnValue) 13 { 14 return -1; 15 }
启动Soft AP后,绑定Ip需要一定的时间,一般为2-3秒。Ip地址一般为192.168.173.1(也有可能是192.168.137.1).
调试程序时,可使用命令行方式使用Soft AP(管理员方式打开cmd):
查看当前承载网络状态 - netsh wlan show hostednetwork
配置承载网络属性,如SSID,密码等 - netsh wlan set hostednetwork ssid=***** key=***** mode=allow|disallow (星号部分为ascii字符,key必须在8-63个字符之间)
启动承载网络 - netsh wlan start hostednetwork
关闭承载网络 - netsh wlan stop hostednetwork
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