java使用itext 直接生成pdf

需求背景

在工作中经常会有生成pdf文件的需求，大多数情况下，我们只需要使用pdf模版添加表单域，就足以胜任了。但是有一些特殊的需求，需要生成较为复杂的文件，如动态数据表格、插入图像等。
这时候，我们就可以使用拼接的方式，将pdf文件内容一段段拼上去，组合成一个pdf文件，来灵活的操纵文件的排版与内存形式。

itext 的使用

依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itextpdfgroupId>
            <artifactId>itextpdfartifactId>
            <version>5.5.13version>
        dependency>
        
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.itextpdfgroupId>
    <artifactId>itext-asianartifactId>
    <version>5.2.0version>
dependency>

简单示例

生成一个内容为“Hello World”的pdf文件

import com.itextpdf.text.*;
import com.itextpdf.text.pdf.PdfWriter;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * 生成一个内容为“Hello World”的pdf文件
 * @author ym
 */
public class HelloWorld {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String FILE_DIR = "./"; // 项目根目录：盘符:/.../.../项目名称，注意：点号并不表示当前类文件所在的目录，而是项目目录下
        //Step 1—Create a Document.  
        Document document = new Document();
        try {
            //Step 2—Get a PdfWriter instance.
            PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "createSamplePDF.pdf"));
            //Step 3—Open the Document.  
            document.open();
            //Step 4—Add content.  
            document.add(new Paragraph("Hello World"));
            //Step 5—Close the Document.  
            document.close();
        } catch (DocumentException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(HelloWorld.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(HelloWorld.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }
}

基础设置（页面大小、边距、字体等）

      //页面大小  
      Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(PageSize.A4.rotate());
      //页面背景色  
      rect.setBackgroundColor(BaseColor.ORANGE);
      //  page , 外边距 marginLeft marginRight marginTop marginBottom
      Document doc = new Document(rect,90, 90, 30, 40);  
      // 新开一页
      doc.newPage();
		

      /**
      * 段落设置
      */
     Paragraph titleParagraph = new Paragraph("hello world!", getChineseTitleFont());
     titleParagraph.setAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);// 居中
     titleParagraph.setFirstLineIndent(24);// 首行缩进
     titleParagraph.setLeading(35f);// 行间距
     titleParagraph.setSpacingBefore(5f);// 设置上空白
     titleParagraph.setSpacingAfter(10f);// 设置段落下空白



    //支持中文 设置字体，字体颜色、大小等
    public Font getChineseTitleFont() throws RuntimeException {
        Font ChineseFont = null;
        try {
        	/**
             *  name – the name of the font or its location on file 
             *  encoding – the encoding to be applied to this font 
             *  embedded – true if the font is to be embedded in the PDF
             */
            BaseFont simpChinese = BaseFont.createFont("STSongStd-Light", "UniGB-UCS2-H", BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);
            ChineseFont = new Font(simpChinese, 15, Font.BOLD, BaseColor.BLACK);
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            log.error("getChineseFont" ,"字体异常",e);
            throw new RuntimeException("getChineseFont字体异常",e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("getChineseFont" ,"字体异常",e);
            throw new RuntimeException("getChineseFont字体异常",e);
        }
        return ChineseFont;
    }

段落内部，特殊设置关键字 字体或颜色

// 文本内容
String content = "This is a sample text with different colors.";
String[] words = content.split(" "); // 将文本拆分为单词

for (String word : words) {
    Chunk chunk = new Chunk(word); // 创建一个新的 Chunk

    // 如果单词是 "different"，则设置为红色
    if (word.equals("different")) {
        chunk.setForegroundColor(BaseColor.RED);
    }

    // 如果单词是 "colors."，则设置为蓝色
    if (word.equals("colors.")) {
        chunk.setForegroundColor(BaseColor.BLUE);
    }

    contentParagraph.add(chunk); // 将 Chunk 添加到段落中
    contentParagraph.add(" "); // 添加单词之间的空格
}

document.add(contentParagraph); // 将段落添加到文档中

生成动态表格

            // 创建一个包含5列的表格
            PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(5);

            // 添加表头
            table.addCell("Header 1");
            table.addCell("Header 2");
            table.addCell("Header 3");
            table.addCell("Header 4");
            table.addCell("Header 5");

            // 添加动态数据到表格
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 1");
                table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 2");
                table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 3");
                table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 4");
                table.addCell("Data " + i + ", 5");
            }

            document.add(table);





		/**
         * 如果需要更精细的控制属性
         */
        cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("title1",fontChinese));
        cell.setColspan(1);//设置所占列数
        cell.setRowspan(1);//合并行
        cell.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_CENTER);//设置水平居中
        cell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);//设置垂直居中
        cell.setFixedHeight(30);//设置高度
        table.addCell(cell);

页脚展示页数

PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "createSamplePDF.pdf"));
            writer.setPageEvent(new FooterEvent());









    public  class FooterEvent extends PdfPageEventHelper {
        //总页数
        PdfTemplate totalPage;
        //字体
        Font font;

        {
            try {
                BaseFont chinese = BaseFont.createFont("STSong-Light", "UniGB-UCS2-H", BaseFont.NOT_EMBEDDED);
                font = new Font(chinese,10);
            } catch (DocumentException | IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //打开文档时，创建一个总页数的模版
        @Override

        public void onOpenDocument(PdfWriter writer, Document document) {
            PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();
            totalPage = cb.createTemplate(50, 9);
        }

        @Override
        public void onEndPage(PdfWriter writer, Document document) {
            //创建一个两列的表格
            PdfPTable table = new PdfPTable(2);
            try {
                table.setTotalWidth(PageSize.A4.getWidth());//总宽度为A4纸张宽度
                table.setLockedWidth(true);//锁定列宽
                table.setWidths(new int[]{50, 50});//设置每列宽度
                PdfPCell cell = new PdfPCell(new Phrase("第"+document.getPageNumber() + " 页，共", font));
                cell.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_RIGHT);//设置水平右对齐
                cell.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);//设置垂直居中
                cell.disableBorderSide(15);//隐藏全部边框
                table.addCell(cell);
                PdfPCell cell1 = new PdfPCell(Image.getInstance(totalPage));//共 页
                cell1.setHorizontalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_LEFT);//设置水平左对齐
                cell1.setVerticalAlignment(Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE);//设置垂直居中
                cell1.disableBorderSide(15);//隐藏全部边框
                table.addCell(cell1);
                table.writeSelectedRows(0, -1, 0, 30, writer.getDirectContent());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new ExceptionConverter(e);
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void onCloseDocument(PdfWriter writer, Document document) {
            String text = "" +String.valueOf(writer.getPageNumber()) +"页";
            ColumnText.showTextAligned(totalPage, Element.ALIGN_MIDDLE, new Paragraph(text, font), 0, 0, 0);
        }
    }

其他

设置密码

PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(doc, out);  
  
// 设置密码为："World"  
writer.setEncryption("Hello".getBytes(), "World".getBytes(),  
        PdfWriter.ALLOW_SCREENREADERS,  
        PdfWriter.STANDARD_ENCRYPTION_128);  
  
doc.open();  
doc.add(new Paragraph("Hello World"));  

添加水印（背景图）

//图片水印
PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "setWatermark.pdf");  
PdfStamper stamp = new PdfStamper(reader, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR  
        + "setWatermark2.pdf"));  
  
Image img = Image.getInstance("resource/watermark.jpg");  
img.setAbsolutePosition(200, 400);  
PdfContentByte under = stamp.getUnderContent(1);  
under.addImage(img);  
  
//文字水印  
PdfContentByte over = stamp.getOverContent(2);  
over.beginText();  
BaseFont bf = BaseFont.createFont(BaseFont.HELVETICA, BaseFont.WINANSI,  
        BaseFont.EMBEDDED);  
over.setFontAndSize(bf, 18);  
over.setTextMatrix(30, 30);  
over.showTextAligned(Element.ALIGN_LEFT, "DUPLICATE", 230, 430, 45);  
over.endText();  
  
//背景图  
Image img2 = Image.getInstance("resource/test.jpg");  
img2.setAbsolutePosition(0, 0);  
PdfContentByte under2 = stamp.getUnderContent(3);  
under2.addImage(img2);  
  
stamp.close();  
reader.close();  

目录

// Code 1  
document.add(new Chunk("Chapter 1").setLocalDestination("1"));  
  
document.newPage();  
document.add(new Chunk("Chapter 2").setLocalDestination("2"));  
document.add(new Paragraph(new Chunk("Sub 2.1").setLocalDestination("2.1")));  
document.add(new Paragraph(new Chunk("Sub 2.2").setLocalDestination("2.2")));  
  
document.newPage();  
document.add(new Chunk("Chapter 3").setLocalDestination("3"));  
  
// Code 2  
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();  
PdfOutline root = cb.getRootOutline();  
  
// Code 3  
@SuppressWarnings("unused")  
PdfOutline oline1 = new PdfOutline(root, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("1", false), "Chapter 1");  
  
PdfOutline oline2 = new PdfOutline(root, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("2", false), "Chapter 2");  
oline2.setOpen(false);  
  
@SuppressWarnings("unused")  
PdfOutline oline2_1 = new PdfOutline(oline2, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("2.1", false), "Sub 2.1");  
@SuppressWarnings("unused")  
PdfOutline oline2_2 = new PdfOutline(oline2, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("2.2", false), "Sub 2.2");  
  
@SuppressWarnings("unused")  
PdfOutline oline3 = new PdfOutline(root, PdfAction.gotoLocalPage("3", false), "Chapter 3"); 

Header, Footer

PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(doc, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "setHeaderFooter.pdf"));  
  
writer.setPageEvent(new PdfPageEventHelper() {  
  
    public void onEndPage(PdfWriter writer, Document document) {  
          
        PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();  
        cb.saveState();  
  
        cb.beginText();  
        BaseFont bf = null;  
        try {  
            bf = BaseFont.createFont(BaseFont.HELVETICA, BaseFont.WINANSI, BaseFont.EMBEDDED);  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        cb.setFontAndSize(bf, 10);  
          
        //Header  
        float x = document.top(-20);  
          
        //左  
        cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_LEFT,  
                           "H-Left",  
                           document.left(), x, 0);  
        //中  
        cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_CENTER,  
                            writer.getPageNumber()+ " page",  
                           (document.right() + document.left())/2,  
                           x, 0);  
        //右  
        cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_RIGHT,  
                           "H-Right",  
                           document.right(), x, 0);  
  
        //Footer  
        float y = document.bottom(-20);  
  
        //左  
        cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_LEFT,  
                           "F-Left",  
                           document.left(), y, 0);  
        //中  
        cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_CENTER,  
                            writer.getPageNumber()+" page",  
                           (document.right() + document.left())/2,  
                           y, 0);  
        //右  
        cb.showTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_RIGHT,  
                           "F-Right",  
                           document.right(), y, 0);  
  
        cb.endText();  
          
        cb.restoreState();  
    }  
});  
  
doc.open();  
doc.add(new Paragraph("1 page"));          
doc.newPage();  
doc.add(new Paragraph("2 page"));          
doc.newPage();  
doc.add(new Paragraph("3 page"));          
doc.newPage();  
doc.add(new Paragraph("4 page"));  

分割 PDF

FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF.pdf");  
  
Document document = new Document();  
  
PdfWriter.getInstance(document, out);  
  
document.open();  
document.add(new Paragraph("1 page"));  
  
document.newPage();  
document.add(new Paragraph("2 page"));  
  
document.newPage();  
document.add(new Paragraph("3 page"));  
  
document.newPage();  
document.add(new Paragraph("4 page"));  
  
document.close();  
  
PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF.pdf");  
  
Document dd = new Document();  
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(dd, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF1.pdf"));  
dd.open();  
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();  
dd.newPage();  
cb.addTemplate(writer.getImportedPage(reader, 1), 0, 0);  
dd.newPage();  
cb.addTemplate(writer.getImportedPage(reader, 2), 0, 0);  
dd.close();  
writer.close();  
  
Document dd2 = new Document();  
PdfWriter writer2 = PdfWriter.getInstance(dd2, new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF2.pdf"));  
dd2.open();  
PdfContentByte cb2 = writer2.getDirectContent();  
dd2.newPage();  
cb2.addTemplate(writer2.getImportedPage(reader, 3), 0, 0);  
dd2.newPage();  
cb2.addTemplate(writer2.getImportedPage(reader, 4), 0, 0);  
dd2.close();  
writer2.close();  

合并 PDF

PdfReader reader1 = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF1.pdf");  
PdfReader reader2 = new PdfReader(FILE_DIR + "splitPDF2.pdf");  
  
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(FILE_DIR + "mergePDF.pdf");  
  
Document document = new Document();  
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.getInstance(document, out);  
  
document.open();  
PdfContentByte cb = writer.getDirectContent();  
  
int totalPages = 0;  
totalPages += reader1.getNumberOfPages();  
totalPages += reader2.getNumberOfPages();  
  
java.util.List<PdfReader> readers = new ArrayList<PdfReader>();  
readers.add(reader1);  
readers.add(reader2);  
  
int pageOfCurrentReaderPDF = 0;  
Iterator<PdfReader> iteratorPDFReader = readers.iterator();  
  
// Loop through the PDF files and add to the output.  
while (iteratorPDFReader.hasNext()) {  
    PdfReader pdfReader = iteratorPDFReader.next();  
  
    // Create a new page in the target for each source page.  
    while (pageOfCurrentReaderPDF < pdfReader.getNumberOfPages()) {  
        document.newPage();  
        pageOfCurrentReaderPDF++;  
        PdfImportedPage page = writer.getImportedPage(pdfReader, pageOfCurrentReaderPDF);  
        cb.addTemplate(page, 0, 0);  
    }  
    pageOfCurrentReaderPDF = 0;  
}  
out.flush();  
document.close();  
out.close();