形态学处理

 本文的主角是OpenCV中的morphologyEx函数，它利用基本的膨胀和腐蚀技术，来执行更加高级的形态学变换，如开闭运算、形态学梯度、“顶帽”、“黑帽”等等

void cv::morphologyEx( InputArray _src,OutputArray _dst, int op,      InputArray kernel, Pointanchor, int iterations,      int borderType, constScalar& borderValue ) { //拷贝Mat数据到临时变量 Mat src = _src.getMat(), temp; _dst.create(src.size(), src.type()); Mat dst = _dst.getMat(); //一个大switch，根据不同的标识符取不同的操作 switch( op )  { case MORPH_ERODE: //腐蚀  erode( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  break; case MORPH_DILATE: //膨胀  dilate( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  break; case MORPH_OPEN: //开环  erode( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  dilate( dst, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  break; case CV_MOP_CLOSE: //闭环  dilate( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  erode( dst, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  break; case CV_MOP_GRADIENT://梯度  erode( src, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  dilate( src, dst, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );  dst -= temp;  break; case CV_MOP_TOPHAT: //顶帽 即是原图像与开运算后的图像相减  if( src.data != dst.data )   temp = dst;  erode( src, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue );   dilate( temp, temp, kernel, anchor,iterations, borderType, borderValue );  dst = src - temp;  break; case CV_MOP_BLACKHAT: //黑帽 即是闭运算后的图像减去原图像  if( src.data != dst.data )   temp = dst;  dilate( src, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue);  erode( temp, temp, kernel, anchor, iterations, borderType, borderValue);  dst = temp - src;  break; default:  CV_Error( CV_StsBadArg, "unknown morphological operation" );  } }

• MORPH_OPEN – 开运算（Opening operation）
• MORPH_CLOSE – 闭运算（Closing operation）
• MORPH_GRADIENT -形态学梯度（Morphological gradient）
• MORPH_TOPHAT - “顶帽”（“Top hat”）
• MORPH_BLACKHAT - “黑帽”（“Black hat“）

 膨胀与腐蚀的介绍可以参考这篇文章http://www.cnblogs.com/slysky/archive/2011/10/16/2214015.html