英语4月测试题

作文

Directions：Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should

1)      describe the picture briefly;

2)      interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and

3)      give your point of view.

 

 

 

 

 

                     

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.

Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.

This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.

The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.

Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.

The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.

 

1. [A]emphasize             [B]maintain               [C]modify                 [D] recognize

2. [A]when                     [B]lest                      [C]before                  [D] unless

3. [A]restored                 [B]weakened             [C]established            [D] eliminated

4. [A]challenged             [B]compromised        [C]suspected              [D] accepted

5. [A]advanced               [B]caught                  [C]bound                  [D]founded

6. [A]resistant                 [B]subject                 [C]immune               [D]prone

7. [A]resorts                   [B]sticks                   [C]loads                    [D]applies

8. [A]evade                    [B]raise                    [C]deny                    [D]settle

9. [A]line                       [B]barrier                 [C]similarity             [D]conflict

10. [A]by                         [B]as                        [C]though                 [D]towards

11. [A]so                         [B]since                    [C]provided              [D]though

12. [A]serve                     [B]satisfy                  [C]upset                    [D]replace

13. [A]confirm                 [B]express                 [C]cultivate               [D]offer

14. [A]guarded                 [B]followed              [C]studied                 [D]tied

15. [A]concepts                [B]theories                [C]divisions              [D]conceptions

16. [A]excludes                [B]questions              [C]shapes                  [D]controls

17. [A]dismissed               [B]released                [C]ranked                 [D]distorted

18. [A]suppress                [B]exploit                 [C]address                 [D]ignore

19. [A]accessible              [B]amiable                [C]agreeable              [D]accountable

20. [A]by all means          [B]atall costs             [C]in a word             [D]as a result

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as

[A] a supplement to the social cure

[B] a stimulus to group dynamics

[C] an obstacle to school progress

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors

 

22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers’ experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

 

23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to 

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

[D]produce a long-lasting social effect

24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors

[A] is harmful to our networks of friends

[B] will mislead behavioral studies

[C] occurs without our realizing it

[D] can produce negative health habits

 

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

[A] harmful

[B] desirable

[C] profound

[D] questionable

 

 

 

 

 

 

作文范文：

 

 As is symbolically illustrated in the cartoon, a smart boy and a pretty girl are staring at a huge construction entitled “harmonious society”. The construction is based on harmonious cities, countries, families, campuses, enterprises and medical treatment, to name only a few.

 

 Although a lot of efforts have been put into bridging the widening gap between rich and poor in our nation, the situation is far from optimistic. A case in point is the uneven development of our nation. On the one hand, some people in the developed areas of country are enjoying almost everything that modern civilization can offer —luxury cars, expensive houses and other devices for comfortable living. On the other hand, in some underdeveloped areas, a great many people are still living in sheer poverty. They do not have the minimal means of living, even no money for the education of the young. Looking at all these, how can we stay aloof and easy?

 

 Our nation is building up a harmonious society. If we do not do something to harmonize the situation by achieving common welfare for all the people, how can we accomplish that noble goal? To begin with, we each individual should start from right here and now to attach great value and important to the urgency of the issue. Furthermore, in a bid to working towards a harmonious nation where the rich is just and the poor secure, it is high time that we took drastic actions to build up a harmonious society.

 

 参考译文

 

  这幅漫画象征性地描绘了一个英俊的小男孩和一个小女孩正在仰望一个名为“和谐社会”的巨大建筑。这个建筑建立在和谐城市、和谐社区、和谐家庭、和谐校园、和谐企业和和谐医疗等基础上。

 

  尽管我们已经付出了巨大的努力来弥补我国贫富之间日益加剧的差距，但是情况远远不能令人乐观。我们的不平衡发展就是一个很好的例子。一方面有些发达地区的人们正在享受现代文明几乎能够提供的一切—豪华轿车、豪华住宅以及提供舒适生活的其他设备。另一方面，在一些欠发达的地区，很多人仍然生活在极端的贫困中。他们缺乏最基本的生活手段，甚至没有钱供年轻人上学，鉴于此，我们怎能无动于衷？

 

  我们的国家重在建设和谐社会。如果我们不为全体人民谋求共同福利来平衡这种状况，又怎能达到这一崇高目标？首先，我们每个人都应马上重视这个问题的紧迫性。其次，为了创建公平致富、保障贫困地区权益的和谐国家，我们应该采取严厉措施来建设和谐社会。

 

 

 

完形填空

 

1. B．maintain

 

2. A．when

 

3. B. weakened

 

4. D. accepted

 

5. C. bound

 

6. B. subject

 

7. D. applies

 

8. B. raise

 

9. A. line

 

10. B. as

 

11. A. so

 

12. C. upset

 

13. C. cultivate

 

14. D. tied

 

15. A. concepts

 

16. C. shapes

 

17. A. dismissed

 

18. C. address

 

19. D. accountable

 

20. D. as a result

 

阅读理解

 

21. D a cause of undesirable behaviors

 

22. B learn from advertisers’ experience

 

23. A adequately probe social and biological factors

 

24. C occurs without our realizing it

 

25. D questionable