Netty中,通讯的双方建立连接后,会把数据按照ByteBuf的方式进行传输,例如http协议中,就是通过HttpRequestDecoder对ByteBuf数据流进行处理,转换成http的对象。基于这个思路,我自定义一种通讯协议:Server和客户端直接传输java对象。
实现的原理是通过Encoder把java对象转换成ByteBuf流进行传输,通过Decoder把ByteBuf转换成java对象进行处理,处理逻辑如下图所示:
传输的java bean为Person:
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import java.io.Serializable; // 必须实现Serializable接口 public class Person implements Serializable{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String name; private String sex; private int age; public String toString() { return "name:" + name + " sex:" + sex + " age:" + age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
Server端类:Server PersonDecoder BusinessHandler
1、Server:启动netty服务
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; public class Server { public void start(int port) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap(); b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new BusinessHandler()); } }).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Server server = new Server(); server.start(8000); } }2、PersonDecoder:把ByteBuf流转换成Person对象,其中ByteBufToBytes是读取ButeBuf的工具类,上一篇文章中提到过,在此不在详述。ByteObjConverter是byte和obj的互相转换的工具。
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder; import java.util.List; import com.guowl.utils.ByteBufToBytes; import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter; public class PersonDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder { @Override protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception { ByteBufToBytes read = new ByteBufToBytes(); Object obj = ByteObjConverter.ByteToObject(read.read(in)); out.add(obj); } }3、BusinessHandler 读取Person信息,并打印
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class BusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BusinessHandler.class); @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { Person person = (Person) msg; logger.info("BusinessHandler read msg from client :" + person); } @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ctx.flush(); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { } }
Client端的类:Client ClientInitHandler PersonEncoder
1、Client 建立与Server的连接
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; public class Client { public void connect(String host, int port) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap(); b.group(workerGroup); b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class); b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new PersonEncoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientInitHandler()); } }); ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync(); f.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Client client = new Client(); client.connect("127.0.0.1", 8000); } }2、ClientInitHandler 向Server发送Person对象
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class ClientInitHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientInitHandler.class); @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { logger.info("HelloClientIntHandler.channelActive"); Person person = new Person(); person.setName("guowl"); person.setSex("man"); person.setAge(30); ctx.write(person); ctx.flush(); } }3、PersonEncoder 把Person对象转换成ByteBuf进行传送
package com.guowl.testobjcoder; import com.guowl.utils.ByteObjConverter; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder; public class PersonEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<Person> { @Override protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Person msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception { byte[] datas = ByteObjConverter.ObjectToByte(msg); out.writeBytes(datas); ctx.flush(); } }工具类:ByteObjConverter
package com.guowl.utils; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInputStream; import java.io.ObjectOutputStream; public class ByteObjConverter { public static Object ByteToObject(byte[] bytes) { Object obj = null; ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes); ObjectInputStream oi = null; try { oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi); obj = oi.readObject(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { bi.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { oi.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return obj; } public static byte[] ObjectToByte(Object obj) { byte[] bytes = null; ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oo = null; try { oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo); oo.writeObject(obj); bytes = bo.toByteArray(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { bo.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { oo.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return (bytes); } }
通过上述代码,实现了Server端与Client端直接使用person对象进行通信的目的。基于此,可以构建更为复杂的场景:Server端同时支撑多种协议,不同的协议采用不同的Decoder进行解析,解析结果保持统一,这样业务处理类可以保持接口一致。下一节将编写这样一个案例。
本例中需要注意的事项是:
1、Person对象必须实现Serializable接口,否则不能进行序列化。
2、PersonDecoder读取ByteBuf数据的时候,并没有对多次流式数据进行处理,而是简单的一次性接收,如果数据量大的情况下,可能会出现数据不完整,这个问题会在后续的学习中解决。
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