java.lang.OutOfMemoryError:GC overhead limit excee

一、问题&&方法

遇到这样的问题,本地部署时抛出异常java.lang.OutOfMemoryError:GC overhead limit exceeded导致服务起不来,查看日志发现加载了太多资源到内存,本地的性能也不好,gc时间消耗的较多。解决这种问题的两种方法是:加内存,或者 优化程序。

加内存的办法增加参数,-XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit,关闭这个特性,同时增加heap大小,-Xmx1024m。


原理:

OOM,就是JVM内存溢出了,那GC overhead limit exceed呢?

GC overhead limt exceed检查是Hotspot VM 1.6定义的一个策略,通过统计GC时间来预测是否要OOM了,提前抛出异常,防止OOM发生。Sun 官方对此的定义是:“并行/并发回收器在GC回收时间过长时会抛出OutOfMemroyError。过长的定义是,超过98%的时间用来做GC并且回收了不到2%的堆内存。用来避免内存过小造成应用不能正常工作。


听起来没啥用...预测OOM有啥用?起初开来这玩意只能用来Catch住释放内存资源,避免应用挂掉。后来发现一般情况下这个策略不能拯救你的应用,但是可以在应用挂掉之前做最后的挣扎,比如数据保存或者保存现场(Heap Dump)。


而且有些时候这个策略还会带来问题,比如加载某个大的内存数据时频繁OOM。


假如你也生产环境中遇到了这个问题,在不知道原因时不要简单的猜测和规避。可以通过-verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails看下到底什么原因造成了异常。通常原因都是因为old区占用过多导致频繁Full GC,最终导致GC overhead limit exceed。如果gc log不够可以借助于JProfile等工具查看内存的占用,old区是否有内存泄露。分析内存泄露还有一个方法-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError,这样OOM时会自动做Heap Dump,可以拿MAT来排查了。还要留意young区,如果有过多短暂对象分配,可能也会抛这个异常。


日志的信息不难理解,就是每次gc时打条日志,记录GC的类型,前后大小和时间。举个例子。


33.125: [GC [DefNew: 16000K->16000K(16192K), 0.0000574 secs][Tenured: 2973K->2704K(16384K), 0.1012650 secs] 18973K->2704K(32576K), 0.1015066 secs]


100.667:[Full GC [Tenured: 0K->210K(10240K), 0.0149142 secs] 4603K->210K(19456K), [Perm : 2999K->2999K(21248K)], 0.0150007 secs] 


GC和Full GC代表gc的停顿类型,Full GC代表stop-the-world。箭头两边是gc前后的区空间大小,分别是young区、tenured区和perm区,括号里是该区的总大小。冒号前面是gc发生的时间,单位是秒,从jvm启动开始计算。DefNew代表Serial收集器,为Default New Generation的缩写,类似的还有PSYoungGen,代表Parallel Scavenge收集器。这样可以通过分析日志找到导致GC overhead limit exceeded的原因,通过调节相应的参数解决问题。


文中涉及到的名词解释

Eden Space:堆内存池,大多数对象在这里分配内存空间。

Survivor Space:堆内存池,存储在Eden Space的gc中存活下来的对象。

Tenured Generation:堆内存池,存储Survivor Space中存活过几次gc的对象。

Permanent Generation:非堆空间,存储的是class和method对象。

Code Cache:非堆空间,JVM用来存储编译和存储native code。


二、GC overhead limit exceed HotSpot的实现

附上GC overhead limit exceed HotSpot的实现:

bool print_gc_overhead_limit_would_be_exceeded = false;

if (is_full_gc) {

  if (gc_cost() > gc_cost_limit &&

    free_in_old_gen < (size_t) mem_free_old_limit &&

    free_in_eden < (size_t) mem_free_eden_limit) {

    // Collections, on average, are taking too much time, and

    //      gc_cost() > gc_cost_limit

    // we have too little space available after a full gc.

    //      total_free_limit < mem_free_limit

    // where

    //   total_free_limit is the free space available in

    //     both generations

    //   total_mem is the total space available for allocation

    //     in both generations (survivor spaces are not included

    //     just as they are not included in eden_limit).

    //   mem_free_limit is a fraction of total_mem judged to be an

    //     acceptable amount that is still unused.

    // The heap can ask for the value of this variable when deciding

    // whether to thrown an OutOfMemory error.

    // Note that the gc time limit test only works for the collections

    // of the young gen + tenured gen and not for collections of the

    // permanent gen.  That is because the calculation of the space

    // freed by the collection is the free space in the young gen +

    // tenured gen.

    // At this point the GC overhead limit is being exceeded.

    inc_gc_overhead_limit_count();

    if (UseGCOverheadLimit) {

      if (gc_overhead_limit_count() >=

          AdaptiveSizePolicyGCTimeLimitThreshold){

        // All conditions have been met for throwing an out-of-memory

        set_gc_overhead_limit_exceeded(true);

        // Avoid consecutive OOM due to the gc time limit by resetting

        // the counter.

        reset_gc_overhead_limit_count();

      } else {

        // The required consecutive collections which exceed the

        // GC time limit may or may not have been reached. We

        // are approaching that condition and so as not to

        // throw an out-of-memory before all SoftRef's have been

        // cleared, set _should_clear_all_soft_refs in CollectorPolicy.

        // The clearing will be done on the next GC.

        bool near_limit = gc_overhead_limit_near();

        if (near_limit) {

          collector_policy->set_should_clear_all_soft_refs(true);

          if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {

            gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Nearing GC overhead limit, "

              "will be clearing all SoftReference");

          }

        }

      }

    }

    // Set this even when the overhead limit will not

    // cause an out-of-memory.  Diagnostic message indicating

    // that the overhead limit is being exceeded is sometimes

    // printed.

    print_gc_overhead_limit_would_be_exceeded = true;

 

  } else {

    // Did not exceed overhead limits

    reset_gc_overhead_limit_count();

  }

}

三、参照&延伸阅读

http://javaeesupportpatterns.blogspot.com/2012/01/gc-overhead-limit-exceeded-understand.html

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/gc-tuning-6-140523.html

http://reins.altervista.org/java/gc1.4.2_example.html

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2129044/java-heap-terminology-young-old-and-permanent-generations

http://book.51cto.com/art/201306/399236.htm

https://blogs.oracle.com/jonthecollector/entry/presenting_the_permanent_generation


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