解读jQuery中extend函数

解读jQuery中extend函数2013-07-20 13:59 by 靖鸣君, 241 阅读, 0 评论, 收藏编辑

$.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ] );
//console.log(window.a);

//window.location.reload(); $.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ].concat( { "c" : 3, "d" : 4 } ) ); //console.log(window.a)

一、问题:

  1. null在这里是干啥?

  2. window.a分别是什么?

 

二、我们先一起来了解下jQuery中的extend函数

 在jQuery-V1.2.6中:

jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
    // copy reference to target object
    var target = arguments[0] || {}, i = 1, length = arguments.length, deep = false, options;

    // Handle a deep copy situation
    if ( target.constructor == Boolean ) {
        deep = target;
        target = arguments[1] || {};
        // skip the boolean and the target
        i = 2;
    }

    // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
    if ( typeof target != "object" && typeof target != "function" )
        target = {};

    // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
    if ( length == i ) {
        target = this;
        --i;
    }

    for ( ; i < length; i++ )
        // Only deal with non-null/undefined values
        if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null )
            // Extend the base object
            for ( var name in options ) {
                var src = target[ name ], copy = options[ name ];

                // Prevent never-ending loop
                if ( target === copy )
                    continue;

                // Recurse if we're merging object values
                if ( deep && copy && typeof copy == "object" && !copy.nodeType )
                    target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, 
                        // Never move original objects, clone them
                        src || ( copy.length != null ? [ ] : { } )
                    , copy );

                // Don't bring in undefined values
                else if ( copy !== undefined )
                    target[ name ] = copy;

            }

    // Return the modified object
    return target;
};
jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
    // copy reference to target object
    var target = arguments[0] || {}, i = 1, length = arguments.length, deep = false, options;

    // Handle a deep copy situation
    if ( target.constructor == Boolean ) {
        deep = target;
        target = arguments[1] || {};
        // skip the boolean and the target
        i = 2;
    }

    // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
    if ( typeof target != "object" && typeof target != "function" )
        target = {};

    // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
    if ( length == i ) {
        target = this;
        --i;
    }

    for ( ; i < length; i++ )
        // Only deal with non-null/undefined values
        if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null )
            // Extend the base object
            for ( var name in options ) {
                var src = target[ name ], copy = options[ name ];

                // Prevent never-ending loop
                if ( target === copy )
                    continue;

                // Recurse if we're merging object values
                if ( deep && copy && typeof copy == "object" && !copy.nodeType )
                    target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, 
                        // Never move original objects, clone them
                        src || ( copy.length != null ? [ ] : { } )
                    , copy );

                // Don't bring in undefined values
                else if ( copy !== undefined )
                    target[ name ] = copy;

            }

    // Return the modified object
    return target;
};

 

在jQuery-V1.8.2中:

jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
    var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone,
        target = arguments[0] || {},
        i = 1,
        length = arguments.length,
        deep = false;

    // Handle a deep copy situation
    if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) {
        deep = target;
        target = arguments[1] || {};
        // skip the boolean and the target
        i = 2;
    }

    // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
    if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target) ) {
        target = {};
    }

    // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
    if ( length === i ) {
        target = this;
        --i;
    }

    for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
        // Only deal with non-null/undefined values
        if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) {
            // Extend the base object
            for ( name in options ) {
                src = target[ name ];
                copy = options[ name ];

                // Prevent never-ending loop
                if ( target === copy ) {
                    continue;
                }

                // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
                if (deep && copy && (jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)))){
                    if ( copyIsArray ) {
                        copyIsArray = false;
                        clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : [];

                    } else {
                        clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {};
                    }

                    // Never move original objects, clone them
                    target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy );

                // Don't bring in undefined values
                } else if ( copy !== undefined ) {
                    target[ name ] = copy;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Return the modified object
    return target;
};
jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
    var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone,
        target = arguments[0] || {},
        i = 1,
        length = arguments.length,
        deep = false;

    // Handle a deep copy situation
    if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) {
        deep = target;
        target = arguments[1] || {};
        // skip the boolean and the target
        i = 2;
    }

    // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
    if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target) ) {
        target = {};
    }

    // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
    if ( length === i ) {
        target = this;
        --i;
    }

    for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
        // Only deal with non-null/undefined values
        if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) {
            // Extend the base object
            for ( name in options ) {
                src = target[ name ];
                copy = options[ name ];

                // Prevent never-ending loop
                if ( target === copy ) {
                    continue;
                }

                // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
                if (deep && copy && (jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)))){
                    if ( copyIsArray ) {
                        copyIsArray = false;
                        clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : [];

                    } else {
                        clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {};
                    }

                    // Never move original objects, clone them
                    target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy );

                // Don't bring in undefined values
                } else if ( copy !== undefined ) {
                    target[ name ] = copy;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Return the modified object
    return target;
};

 

 比较两个版本的jQuery,extend函数总体构架上基本没有变化,高版本中写代码更加规范了,很多var变量都前置(这是比较好的编码习惯,当然,也是为了方便压缩工具对代码进行压缩)。

jQuery.fn.extend就是把extend函数绑定到他的原型链中。这样一来,既可以作为静态函数在$上直接引用($.extend),也可以在$(obj)上使用extend。

注意,如果函数没有在原型链上绑定,是不能被“继承”的!

 

代码大概的意思就是:

  第一个参数是boolean类型 ---------> 深度递归复制 | | ---------> 如果只有一个参数(除第一个boolean)---------> 将函数的this环境extend进去 | | ---------> 将后面的参数extend到“第一个”参数中 ---------> 返回“第一个”参数

 

三、问题解释

  •  第一个问题中,
$.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ] );

extend作为一个静态函数被调用,null被绑定,但是因为满足“只有一个”参数(boolean除外)的条件 , 将函数的this环境(window)extend进去,return的对象就是window对象,所以得到的结果是

window <- { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }

即,window.a = 1

 

 

  • 第二个问题中,
$.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ].concat( { "c" : 3, "d" : 4 } ) );

相当于传入三个参数,第一个是true,第二个是 匿名对象{ "a" : 1, "b" : 2 },第三个是匿名对象{ "c" : 3, "d" : 4 }, 此时的this环境是null(因为将函数绑定到null上面了)。

那么结果就是{ "a" : 1, "b" : 2, "c" : 3, "d" : 4 }, 此刻并不能在window中索引到a这个属性

如要想要访问,那便是null.a,但这种访问方式肯定是不对的。

由于没有变量来接收这个返回的值,所以被作为垃圾给回收了。

 

有兴趣的童鞋可以试试这个:

$.extend.apply( $, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ] );
$.extend.apply( $, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ].concat( { "c" : 3, "d" : 4 } ) );

把$作为当前的环境,看看a被绑定在那个元素上了~

 

 四、小结

  jQuery是一个非常优秀的JS库,也是前辈们学习JS后经验的总结和思想的结晶,从jQuery1.2版本到现在的2.0版本,代码风格上、函数处理方式上有比较明显的改变,很值得花些功夫去研究。学习的过程中多看看ta们的编码风格、编码规范,了解库的整体构架和实现原理,这样应该会有比较大的提升~

  我觉得前端这方面想独树一帜,就必须在代码中体现自己的思想。

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