$.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ] );
//console.log(window.a);
//window.location.reload(); $.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ].concat( { "c" : 3, "d" : 4 } ) ); //console.log(window.a)
一、问题:
1. null在这里是干啥?
2. window.a分别是什么?
二、我们先一起来了解下jQuery中的extend函数
在jQuery-V1.2.6中:
jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { // copy reference to target object var target = arguments[0] || {}, i = 1, length = arguments.length, deep = false, options; // Handle a deep copy situation if ( target.constructor == Boolean ) { deep = target; target = arguments[1] || {}; // skip the boolean and the target i = 2; } // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) if ( typeof target != "object" && typeof target != "function" ) target = {}; // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed if ( length == i ) { target = this; --i; } for ( ; i < length; i++ ) // Only deal with non-null/undefined values if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) // Extend the base object for ( var name in options ) { var src = target[ name ], copy = options[ name ]; // Prevent never-ending loop if ( target === copy ) continue; // Recurse if we're merging object values if ( deep && copy && typeof copy == "object" && !copy.nodeType ) target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, // Never move original objects, clone them src || ( copy.length != null ? [ ] : { } ) , copy ); // Don't bring in undefined values else if ( copy !== undefined ) target[ name ] = copy; } // Return the modified object return target; };
jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { // copy reference to target object var target = arguments[0] || {}, i = 1, length = arguments.length, deep = false, options; // Handle a deep copy situation if ( target.constructor == Boolean ) { deep = target; target = arguments[1] || {}; // skip the boolean and the target i = 2; } // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) if ( typeof target != "object" && typeof target != "function" ) target = {}; // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed if ( length == i ) { target = this; --i; } for ( ; i < length; i++ ) // Only deal with non-null/undefined values if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) // Extend the base object for ( var name in options ) { var src = target[ name ], copy = options[ name ]; // Prevent never-ending loop if ( target === copy ) continue; // Recurse if we're merging object values if ( deep && copy && typeof copy == "object" && !copy.nodeType ) target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, // Never move original objects, clone them src || ( copy.length != null ? [ ] : { } ) , copy ); // Don't bring in undefined values else if ( copy !== undefined ) target[ name ] = copy; } // Return the modified object return target; };
在jQuery-V1.8.2中:
jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, target = arguments[0] || {}, i = 1, length = arguments.length, deep = false; // Handle a deep copy situation if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { deep = target; target = arguments[1] || {}; // skip the boolean and the target i = 2; } // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target) ) { target = {}; } // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed if ( length === i ) { target = this; --i; } for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { // Only deal with non-null/undefined values if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) { // Extend the base object for ( name in options ) { src = target[ name ]; copy = options[ name ]; // Prevent never-ending loop if ( target === copy ) { continue; } // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays if (deep && copy && (jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)))){ if ( copyIsArray ) { copyIsArray = false; clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : []; } else { clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {}; } // Never move original objects, clone them target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); // Don't bring in undefined values } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { target[ name ] = copy; } } } } // Return the modified object return target; };
jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() { var options, name, src, copy, copyIsArray, clone, target = arguments[0] || {}, i = 1, length = arguments.length, deep = false; // Handle a deep copy situation if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) { deep = target; target = arguments[1] || {}; // skip the boolean and the target i = 2; } // Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy) if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target) ) { target = {}; } // extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed if ( length === i ) { target = this; --i; } for ( ; i < length; i++ ) { // Only deal with non-null/undefined values if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) { // Extend the base object for ( name in options ) { src = target[ name ]; copy = options[ name ]; // Prevent never-ending loop if ( target === copy ) { continue; } // Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays if (deep && copy && (jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)))){ if ( copyIsArray ) { copyIsArray = false; clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : []; } else { clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {}; } // Never move original objects, clone them target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy ); // Don't bring in undefined values } else if ( copy !== undefined ) { target[ name ] = copy; } } } } // Return the modified object return target; };
比较两个版本的jQuery,extend函数总体构架上基本没有变化,高版本中写代码更加规范了,很多var变量都前置(这是比较好的编码习惯,当然,也是为了方便压缩工具对代码进行压缩)。
jQuery.fn.extend就是把extend函数绑定到他的原型链中。这样一来,既可以作为静态函数在$上直接引用($.extend),也可以在$(obj)上使用extend。
注意,如果函数没有在原型链上绑定,是不能被“继承”的!
代码大概的意思就是:
第一个参数是boolean类型 ---------> 深度递归复制 | | ---------> 如果只有一个参数(除第一个boolean)---------> 将函数的this环境extend进去 | | ---------> 将后面的参数extend到“第一个”参数中 ---------> 返回“第一个”参数
三、问题解释
- 第一个问题中,
$.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ] );
extend作为一个静态函数被调用,null被绑定,但是因为满足“只有一个”参数(boolean除外)的条件 , 将函数的this环境(window)extend进去,return的对象就是window对象,所以得到的结果是
window <- { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }
即,window.a = 1
- 第二个问题中,
$.extend.apply( null, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ].concat( { "c" : 3, "d" : 4 } ) );
相当于传入三个参数,第一个是true,第二个是 匿名对象{ "a" : 1, "b" : 2 },第三个是匿名对象{ "c" : 3, "d" : 4 }, 此时的this环境是null(因为将函数绑定到null上面了)。
那么结果就是{ "a" : 1, "b" : 2, "c" : 3, "d" : 4 }, 此刻并不能在window中索引到a这个属性
如要想要访问,那便是null.a,但这种访问方式肯定是不对的。
由于没有变量来接收这个返回的值,所以被作为垃圾给回收了。
有兴趣的童鞋可以试试这个:
$.extend.apply( $, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ] ); $.extend.apply( $, [ true, { "a" : 1, "b" : 2 } ].concat( { "c" : 3, "d" : 4 } ) );
把$作为当前的环境,看看a被绑定在那个元素上了~
四、小结
jQuery是一个非常优秀的JS库,也是前辈们学习JS后经验的总结和思想的结晶,从jQuery1.2版本到现在的2.0版本,代码风格上、函数处理方式上有比较明显的改变,很值得花些功夫去研究。学习的过程中多看看ta们的编码风格、编码规范,了解库的整体构架和实现原理,这样应该会有比较大的提升~
我觉得前端这方面想独树一帜,就必须在代码中体现自己的思想。