一、使用HTTP协议下载文件
文件下载步骤:
1) 创建一个HttpURLConnection对象
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
2) 获得一个InputStream对象
urlConnection.getInputStream();
3) 获得网络权限
android.permission.INTERNET
二、将下载的文件写入SD Card
1) 得到当前设备SD卡的目录
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
2) 访问SD卡的权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
三、测试程序
DownloadActivity.java
package com.android.activity; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import com.android.utils.HttpDownloader; public class DownloadActivity extends Activity { private Button downloadfile = null; private Button downloadmp3 = null; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); downloadfile = (Button)findViewById(R.id.downloadfile); downloadmp3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.downloadmp3); downloadfile.setText(R.string.downloadfile); downloadmp3.setText(R.string.downloadmp3); downloadfile.setOnClickListener(new DownloadFileListener()); downloadmp3.setOnClickListener(new DownloadMP3Listener()); } class DownloadFileListener implements OnClickListener{ public void onClick(View v) { HttpDownloader httpDownloader = new HttpDownloader(); String txt = httpDownloader.download("http://221.206.235.201:8080/download/panghuang.txt"); System.out.println(txt); } } class DownloadMP3Listener implements OnClickListener{ public void onClick(View v){ HttpDownloader httpDownloader = new HttpDownloader(); int downloadResult = httpDownloader.downloadFile("http://221.206.235.201:8080/download/lovestory.mp3","TaylorSwift/","lovestory.mp3"); System.out.println(downloadResult); } } }
HttpDownloader.java
package com.android.utils; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; public class HttpDownloader { private URL url = null; /** * 根据URL下载文件,前提是这个文件当中的内容是文本,函数的返回值就是文件当中的内容 * 1.创建一个URL对象 * 2.通过URL对象,创建一个HttpURLConnection对象 * 3.得到InputStram * 4.从InputStream当中读取数据 * @param url * @return */ public String download(String fileURL){ StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer(); String line = null; BufferedReader buffer = null; try{ //创建一个URL对象 url = new URL(fileURL); //创建一个HTTP连接 HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); //使用IO流读取数据 buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(urlConnection.getInputStream())); while((line = buffer.readLine()) != null){ stringBuffer.append(line); } }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ try{ buffer.close(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } return stringBuffer.toString(); } /** * 可以下载任意文件,返回-1代表下载出错,返回0代表下载成功,返回1代表文件已存在 * 参数为源URL地址、目标路径、文件名 */ public int downloadFile(String fileURL,String path,String fileName){ InputStream inputStream = null; try { FileUtils fileUtils = new FileUtils(); if (fileUtils.isFileExist(path + fileName)) { return 1; } else { url = new URL(fileURL); HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream(); File resultFile = fileUtils.writeToSDFromInput(path,fileName, inputStream); if (resultFile == null) { return -1; } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return -1; } finally { try { inputStream.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return 0; } }
FileUtils.java
package com.android.utils; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import android.os.Environment; public class FileUtils { private String SDPATH; public String getSDPATH() { return SDPATH; } public FileUtils() { //得到当前外部存储设备的目录,得到的目录名/SDCARD SDPATH = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/"; } /** * 在SD卡上创建文件 * @throws IOException */ public File creatSDFile(String fileName) throws IOException { File file = new File(SDPATH + fileName); file.createNewFile(); return file; } /** * 在SD卡上创建目录 * @param dirName */ public File creatSDDir(String dirName) { File dir = new File(SDPATH + dirName); dir.mkdir(); return dir; } /** * 判断SD卡上的文件夹是否存在 */ public boolean isFileExist(String fileName){ File file = new File(SDPATH + fileName); return file.exists(); } /** * 将一个InputStream里面的数据写入到SD卡中 */ public File writeToSDFromInput(String path,String fileName,InputStream input){ File file = null; OutputStream output = null; try{ creatSDDir(path); file = creatSDFile(path + fileName); output = new FileOutputStream(file); byte buffer [] = new byte[4 * 1024]; while((input.read(buffer)) != -1){ output.write(buffer); } output.flush(); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } finally{ try{ output.close(); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } return file; } }
main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/app_name" /> <Button android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/downloadfile" /> <Button android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/downloadmp3" /> </LinearLayout>
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.android.activity" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name=".DownloadActivity" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> <!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件的权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS" /> <!-- 往SDCard写入数据权限 --> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> </manifest>
应该注意的问题:
本来嘛,文件下载很简单,无非记住上面的几个步骤,外加IO的一些知识,但是就这么个小程序会有很多让人头疼的问题。
1. 首先,在manifest.xml文件中一定要加入对SD卡操作的权限,这点只要是文件下载都会提到,但是这个权限加在哪个标签里一定要注意,最初片面的认为哪个Activity访问,则把权限加在哪个Activity的标签里,结果出错了,好久好久才找到,应该是加在manifest标签里的!
2. 其次,是访问Tomcat中文件的URL问题,一定不要用localhost或127.0.0.1,因为是在模拟器上访问电脑本机,当前的localhost指的是模拟器而不是电脑本机。要想访问tomcat上的文件,一定要加上电脑本机的IP地址。
3. 最后,URL中不能有中文,不能有空格,否则就是郁闷死了也找不到!
总之细节决定成败!
运行结果:
tomcat中的文件: