网络原理及其配置

oracle033

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网络原理及其配置

oracle网络没有负载

1、Oracle监听拓扑结构
1521：oracle默认的端口号
监听的独立性

是独立的一个模块，没有和数据库实例存在长连接，只知道数据库存在哪个地方
连接建立流程

连接建立的过程：客户端向监听请求连接，监听器就把消息传递给数据库实例

数据库就为其创建一个serverPro 告诉监听器叫客户端连接哪个serverPro

客户端就连接serverPro进行用户名和密码校验，连接建立以后，监听就不再

起作用，以后客户端对数据库的操作就是在建立起来的会话中进行信息交换。

所以说监听负载很小，只是在大量请求连接的时候才会出现。

2、共享和专用服务器模式

3、Oracle数据库的几个名字

SQL> show parameter name NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ db_file_name_convert string db_name string jiagulun// 数据库名 db_unique_name string jiagulun global_names boolean FALSE instance_name string jiagulun// 实例名 lock_name_space string log_file_name_convert string service_names string jiagulun// 服务名 SQL>

4、netca
listener.ora//服务器必须有的

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. LISTENER=//监听器的名称 (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) //监听器的地址包括使用的协议，主机名和端口号；这是服务端监听器配置文件信息 ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

tnsnames.ora//客户端必须有的

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. JIAGULUN=客户端的本地服务名，作用是用来客户端解析的：使用sqlplus hr/hr@jiagulun‘@’后面的来和这个名字进行对应的 (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost.localdomain)(PORT = 1521)) //连接服务端的监听器需要的信息 (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = jiagulun)//数据库实例把数据库的服务名注册到监听器中，该名字必须和数据库服务名相同 ) ) [oracle@localhost admin]$

sqlnet.ora
5、双监听：双IP或者双端口，一个oracle可以起来多个监听，多网卡的问题
6、相关命令
lsnrctl status/stop/start
tnsping

7、 动态注册：数据服务自行加到监听中去，也可以使用 alter system register命令来强制注入

怎样才能验证他是注册进来的呢？

[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JAN-2015 01:27:51 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 05-JAN-2015 01:27:52 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) The listener supports no services//这时候实例还未把服务注册到监听里面去 The command completed successfully [oracle@localhost admin]$ 可以通过 alter system register命令来强制注册： [oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JAN-2015 01:29:30 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 05-JAN-2015 01:27:52 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 37 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "jiagulun" has 1 instance(s).//监听中被注册了jiagulun服务进来了 Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "jiagulunXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@localhost admin]$

静态注册：解决不稳定问题使用多

global_names 等于服务名字，sid_name等于实例的名字

[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JAN-2015 01:36:40 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 05-JAN-2015 01:36:40 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "jiagulun" has 1 instance(s). Instance "jiagulun", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 服务已启动就显示服务信息，因为静态注册的原因了；但是status显示是UNKNOWN因为静态注册并没有立马检测到实例是否启动了 The command completed successfully [oracle@localhost admin]$ [oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 05-JAN-2015 01:39:19 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 05-JAN-2015 01:36:40 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 38 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "jiagulun" has 2 instance(s). Instance "jiagulun", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "jiagulunXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "jiagulun", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@localhost admin]$

8、几种连接方式
sqlplus hr/hr //不走监听
sqlplus hr/hr@jiagulun
sqlplus hr/[email protected]:1521/jiagulun//走监听了，没走tsnames.ora

//红色代表是用户名和密码，紫色代表ip和端口号，绿色代表服务名
sqlplus / as sysdba//不走监听

9、排错流程
tnsnames.ora
ip、端口号：服务器端 netstat -tulnp|grep 1521
service_names 与 show parameter service相同
tnsping
lsnrctl status

10、连接流程