Lucene 的基本原理与《全文检索的基本原理 》是差不多的。
Lucene 的源码主要有7 个子包,每个包完成特定的功能:
包名 |
功能描述 |
org.apache.lucene.analysis |
语言分析器,主要用于的切词,支持中文主要是扩展此类 |
org.apache.lucene.document |
索引存储时的文档结构管理,类似于关系型数据库的表结构 |
org.apache.lucene.index |
索引管理,包括索引建立、删除等 |
org.apache.lucene.queryParser |
查询分析器,实现查询关键词间的运算,如与、或、非等 |
org.apache.lucene.search |
检索管理,根据查询条件,检索得到结果 |
org.apache.lucene.store |
数据存储管理,主要包括一些底层的 I/O 操作 |
org.apache.lucene.util |
一些公用类 |
另外:Lucene 3.0 还有一个org.apache.lucene.messages 包,这个包增加了本地语言支持NLS 和软件系统国际化。
上面的图可以很明显的看出Lucene 的两大主要的功能:建立索引( 红色箭头:Index), 检索索引( 蓝色箭头:Search) 。
讲到这里基本上对全文检索工具包Lucene的原理和结构已经有了大致的了解了,下面给出Lucene3.0.1建立索引和检索索引的基本代码,关于Lucene的细节探讨将在后续文章中展开。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer; import org.apache.lucene.document.DateTools; import org.apache.lucene.document.Document; import org.apache.lucene.document.Field; import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter; import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory; import org.apache.lucene.util.Version; public class IndexFiles { // 主要代码 索引docDir文件夹下文档,索引文件在INDEX_DIR文件夹中 public static void main(String[] args) { File indexDir=new File("e:\\实验\\index"); File docDir = new File("e:\\实验\\content"); try { //索引器 IndexWriter standardWriter = new IndexWriter(FSDirectory.open(indexDir), new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_CURRENT), true, IndexWriter.MaxFieldLength.LIMITED); //不建立复合式索引文件,默认的情况下是复合式的索引文件 standardWriter.setUseCompoundFile(false); String[] files = docDir.list(); for (String fileStr : files) { File file = new File(docDir, fileStr); if (!file.isDirectory()) { Document doc = new Document(); //文件名称,可查询,不分词 String fileName=file.getName().substring(0,file.getName().indexOf(".")); doc.add(new Field("name",fileName, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED)); //文件路径,可查询,不分词 String filePath=file.getPath(); doc.add(new Field("path", filePath, Field.Store.YES, Field.Index.NOT_ANALYZED)); //文件内容,需要检索 doc.add(new Field("content", new FileReader(file))); standardWriter.addDocument(doc); } } standardWriter.optimize(); //关闭索引器 standardWriter.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(" caught a " + e.getClass() + "\n with message: " + e.getMessage()); } } }
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer; import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer; import org.apache.lucene.document.Document; import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader; import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.QueryParser; import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher; import org.apache.lucene.search.Query; import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc; import org.apache.lucene.search.Searcher; import org.apache.lucene.search.TopScoreDocCollector; import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory; import org.apache.lucene.util.Version; /** * 检索索引 */ public class SearchFiles { /** Simple command-line based search demo. */ public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String index = "E:\\实验\\index"; String field = "content"; String queries = null; boolean raw = false; // 要显示条数 int hitsPerPage = 10; // searching, so read-only=true IndexReader reader = IndexReader.open(FSDirectory.open(new File(index)), true); // only Searcher searcher = new IndexSearcher(reader); Analyzer standardAnalyzer = new StandardAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_CURRENT); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); QueryParser parser = new QueryParser(Version.LUCENE_CURRENT,field, standardAnalyzer); while (true) { if (queries == null) // prompt the user System.out.println("Enter query: "); String line = in.readLine(); if (line == null || line.length() == -1) break; line = line.trim(); if (line.length() == 0) break; Query query = parser.parse(line); System.out.println("Searching for: " + query.toString(field)); doPagingSearch(in, searcher, query, hitsPerPage, raw, queries == null); } reader.close(); } public static void doPagingSearch(BufferedReader in, Searcher searcher, Query query, int hitsPerPage, boolean raw, boolean interactive) throws IOException { TopScoreDocCollector collector = TopScoreDocCollector.create(hitsPerPage, false); searcher.search(query, collector); ScoreDoc[] hits = collector.topDocs().scoreDocs; int end, numTotalHits = collector.getTotalHits(); System.out.println(numTotalHits + " total matching documents"); int start = 0; end = Math.min(hits.length, start + hitsPerPage); for (int i = start; i < end; i++) { Document doc = searcher.doc(hits[i].doc); String path = doc.get("path"); if (path != null) { System.out.println((i + 1) + ". " + path); } else { System.out.println((i + 1) + ". " + "No path for this document"); } } } }