GridView 的更新删除、操作及例子详解（结合textbox 和dropdownlist）
- <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head runat="server">
- <title></title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <form id="form1" runat="server">
- <div>
- <%--如果有自定义的模板，不适用 自动生成字段 ，需 AutoGenerateColumns="False" --%>
- <%-- GridView 控件以控件状态存储这些键字段值。如果这些值包含敏感信息，则强烈建议您通过将 ViewStateEncryptionMode
- 属性设置为 ViewStateEncryptionMode.Always 来启用视图状态加密。--%>
- <asp:GridView ID="gvStudent" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False"
- CellPadding="4" ForeColor="#333333" GridLines="None"
- onrowcancelingedit="gvStudent_RowCancelingEdit"
- onrowdatabound="gvStudent_RowDataBound" onrowdeleting="gvStudent_RowDeleting"
- onrowediting="gvStudent_RowEditing" onrowupdating="gvStudent_RowUpdating"
- onselectedindexchanging="gvStudent_SelectedIndexChanging"
- onpageindexchanging="gvStudent_PageIndexChanging" DataKeyNames="id">
- <RowStyle BackColor="#EFF3FB" />
- <%--DataKeyNames 一个数组，包含了显示在gridview控件中的项的主键字段的名字。
- 指定表示数据源主键的字段，为了是gridview控件的自动更新和删除功能，必须设置datakeynames="主键"。
- 为了指定要更新或删除的行，这些键字段的值被传递到数据源控件。
- 当设置了datakeynames属性时，gridview控件用来自指定字段的值填充它的datakeys集合，提供了一种
- 访问每个行的主键的便捷方法。--%>
- <%-- 在使用自动生成的字段列时（通过将 AutoGenerateColumns 属性设置为 true），GridView 控件确保与 DataKeyNames 属性中指定的字段相对应的列是只读的。--%>
- <%--如果将某个列字段的 Visible 属性设置为 false，则在 GridView 控件中将不显示该列，该列中的数据也不会往返于客户端。如果希望某个不可见的列中的数据可以供客户端使用，则向 DataKeyNames 属性添加相应的字段名称。--%>
- <%--标记中的 GridView 元素的 DataKeyNames 特性通过使用逗号分隔名称来指定两个键字段--%>
- <Columns>
- <asp:BoundField HeaderText="编号" Visible="false" DataField="id"/>
- <asp:TemplateField HeaderText ="姓名">
- <ItemTemplate>
- <%#Eval("name")%>
- </ItemTemplate>
- <EditItemTemplate>
- <asp:textbox ID ="TBName" Text='<%#Eval("name") %>' runat="server">'>
- </asp:textbox>
- </EditItemTemplate>
- </asp:TemplateField>
- <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="性别">
- <ItemTemplate>
- <%#Eval("sex").Equals(true) ? "男" : "女"%><%--性别是bit类型，显示应该为（男、女）--%>
- </ItemTemplate>
- <EditItemTemplate>
- <asp:DropDownList ID="DDLSex" runat="server" Width="90px" AutoPostBack="false"/><%--AutoPostBack="false" 不回发--%>
- </EditItemTemplate>
- </asp:TemplateField>
- <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="班级">
- <ItemTemplate>
- <%#Eval("class") %>
- </ItemTemplate>
- <EditItemTemplate>
- <%-- <asp:HiddenField ID="HDFClass" runat="server" Value='<%# Eval("classID") %>' />--%><%--当dropdownlist 绑定数据源，需显示name,同事需对classID进行操作时，可以用hiddenField保存classID的值--%>
- <asp:DropDownList ID="DDLClass" runat="server" Width="90px" /><%-- class 可更改，dropdownlist 供选择--%>
- </EditItemTemplate>
- </asp:TemplateField>
- <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="成绩">
- <ItemTemplate>
- <%#Eval("grade")%>
- </ItemTemplate>
- <EditItemTemplate>
- <asp:textbox ID ="TBGrade" Text='<%#Eval("grade") %>' runat="server">'> <%--若grade可更改，签入textbox--%>
- </asp:textbox>
- </EditItemTemplate>
- </asp:TemplateField>
- <%-- <asp:BoundField HeaderText="成绩" DataField="grade" ReadOnly="true" /> --%> <%--若grade列不可改，只需这样写--%>
- <asp:BoundField HeaderText ="建立时间" DataField="createtime" ReadOnly="true" />
- <asp:CommandField ShowDeleteButton="true" ShowEditButton="true" HeaderText="操作" />
- </Columns>
- <PagerSettings FirstPageText="" LastPageText="" NextPageText="" PreviousPageText="" />
- <RowStyle Height="20px" BackColor="#F7F6F3" ForeColor="#333333" />
- <FooterStyle BackColor="#5D7B9D" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" />
- <EditRowStyle BackColor="#999999" />
- <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#E2DED6" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#333333" />
- <PagerStyle BackColor="#284775" ForeColor="White" HorizontalAlign="Center" />
- <HeaderStyle BackColor="#5D7B9D" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" />
- <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="White" ForeColor="#284775" />
- </asp:GridView>
- </div>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
C# 代码
- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Linq;
- using System.Web;
- using System.Web.UI;
- using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
- using System.Configuration;
- using System.Data.SqlClient;
- using System.Data;
- using System.Data.Common;
- using System.Collections;
- public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
- {
- protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
- {
- if(!IsPostBack)//首次加载和访问，ispostback=true 表示为相应客户端回发而加载
- GridViewBind();
- }
- protected void gvStudent_SelectedIndexChanging(object sender, GridViewSelectEventArgs e)
- {
- }
- protected void gvStudent_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
- {
- string StrConn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyConnectionString"].ConnectionString.ToString();
- //绑定班级
- if (((DropDownList)e.Row.FindControl("DDLClass")) != null)
- {
- DropDownList ddlclass = (DropDownList)e.Row.FindControl("DDLClass");
- //生成dropdownlist 的值，绑定数据
- string sqlStr = "select distinct(class) from student";
- DataSet ds = new DataSet();
- SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(StrConn);
- conn.Open();
- SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sqlStr, conn);
- da.Fill(ds,"class");
- conn.Close();
- ArrayList alClass = new ArrayList();
- for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables["class"].Rows.Count; i++)
- {
- alClass.Add(ds.Tables["class"].Rows[i]["class"]);
- }
- ddlclass.DataSource = alClass;//从库中获取数据
- ddlclass.DataBind();
- }
- //绑定性别
- if (((DropDownList)e.Row.FindControl("DDLSex")) != null)
- {
- DropDownList ddlsex = (DropDownList)e.Row.FindControl("DDLSex");
- ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
- al.Add("女"); // 索引 0
- al.Add("男"); //索引 1
- ddlsex.DataSource = al; //dropdownlist的另一数据源（自定义数据
- ddlsex.DataBind();
- }
- }
- protected void gvStudent_RowEditing(object sender, GridViewEditEventArgs e)
- {
- gvStudent.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;//所编辑行的索引
- GridViewBind();
- }
- protected void gvStudent_RowCancelingEdit(object sender, GridViewCancelEditEventArgs e)
- {
- gvStudent.EditIndex = -1;
- GridViewBind();
- }
- protected void gvStudent_RowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
- {
- string StrConn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyConnectionString"].ConnectionString.ToString();
- try
- {
- //以下三种方式获取 Id，前提是确保datakeynames="id"
- // 2. string id = gvStudent.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0].ToString();
- // 1. string id = gvStudent.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Value.ToString();
- string id = ((GridView)sender).DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values["id"].ToString();//DataKeys gridview控件中每一行的数据键值
- string name = ((TextBox)gvStudent.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("TBName")).Text;
- int sex = ((DropDownList)gvStudent.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("DDLSex")).SelectedIndex;//选定项的索引 0
- //string sexs1 = ((DropDownList)gvStudent.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("DDLSex")).SelectedItem.ToString();//索引最小的选定项 男
- //string sexs2 = ((DropDownList)gvStudent.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("DDLSex")).SelectedValue.ToString();//选定项的值 男
- //string sex3 = ((DropDownList)gvStudent.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("DDLSex")).Text;//选定项的text 男
- string className = ((DropDownList)gvStudent.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("DDLClass")).SelectedValue;
- string grade = ((TextBox)gvStudent.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("TBGrade")).Text;
- DateTime updatetime = DateTime.Now;
- SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(StrConn);
- conn.Open();
- string sql = "update student set name='" + name + "',sex=" + sex + ",class='" + className + "',createtime='" + updatetime + "',grade='"+grade+"' where id=" + id; //grade可改时的sql
- // string sql = "update student set name='" + name + "',sex=" + sex + ",class='" + className + "',createtime='" + updatetime + "' where id=" + id;// grade 不可改时的sql
- SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
- cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
- cmd.Dispose();
- if (conn.State.ToString() == "open")
- conn.Close();
- gvStudent.EditIndex = -1;
- GridViewBind();
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Response.Write("数据库错误，错误原因：" + ex.Message);
- Response.End();
- }
- }
- protected void gvStudent_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
- {
- string StrConn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyConnectionString"].ConnectionString.ToString();
- string id = gvStudent.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Values[0].ToString();
- string sql = "delete from student where id="+id ;
- try
- {
- SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(StrConn);
- if (conn.State.ToString() == "Closed") conn.Open();
- SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
- comm.ExecuteNonQuery();
- comm.Dispose();
- if (conn.State.ToString() == "Open") conn.Close();
- gvStudent.EditIndex = -1;
- GridViewBind();
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Response.Write("数据库错误，错误原因：" + ex.Message);
- Response.End();
- }
- }
- private void GridViewBind()
- {
- string StrConn = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyConnectionString"].ConnectionString.ToString(); //在web.config中定义过了connectionString
- // 或 string StrConn = "Data Source=LENOVO-THINK\\FMSQLSERVERR2;Initial Catalog=MyTest;Integrated Security=True"; //webconfig 中未定义,直接在C# 代码中写连接字符串
- string sqlStr = "select * from student";
- DataSet ds = new DataSet();
- try
- {
- SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(StrConn);
- conn.Open();
- SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(sqlStr, conn);
- da.Fill(ds);
- conn.Close();
- DataTable tb = ds.Tables[0];
- gvStudent.DataSource = tb;
- gvStudent.DataBind();
- }
- catch (Exception ex)
- {
- Response.Write("数据库错误，错误原因："+ex.Message);
- Response.End();
- }
- }
- protected void gvStudent_PageIndexChanging(object sender, GridViewPageEventArgs e)
- {
- gvStudent.PageIndex = e.NewPageIndex;//当前显示页的索引
- GridViewBind();
- }
- }