在Asp.net MVC中,我们能非常方便的使用Ajax。这篇文章将介绍三种Ajax使用的方式,分别为原始的Ajax调用、Jquery、Ajax Helper。分别采用这三种方式结合asp.net mvc去实现一个史上最简单的留言板。
首先看一下原始的Ajax的调用的:
定义CommentController,代码如下:
public class CommentController : Controller
{
private IList < string > _comments = new List < string > ();
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public void AddCommentServer()
{
string comment = Request[ " comment " ].ToUpper();
_comments.Add( " <li> " + comment + " </li> " );
Response.ContentType = " text/html " ;
Response.Write( string .Join( " \n " , _comments.ToArray()));
}
}
在Asp.net MVC中添加一个custom_ajax.js,加入下面使用ajax的脚本代码,调用AddCommentServer方法。
function getXmlHttpRequest() {
var xhr;
// check for IE implementation(s)
if ( typeof ActiveXObject != ' undefined ' ) {
try {
xhr = new ActiveXObject( " Msxml2.XMLHTTP " );
} catch (e) {
xhr = new ActiveXObject( " Microsoft.XMLHTTP " );
}
} else if (XMLHttpRequest) {
// this works for Firefox, Safari, Opera
xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
} else {
alert( " 对不起,你的浏览器不支持ajax " );
}
return xhr;
}
function getMessage() {
// get our xml http request object
var xhr = getXmlHttpRequest();
// prepare the request
xhr.open( " GET " , " Comment/AddCommentServer?comment= " + document.getElementById( " Comment " ).value, true )
// setup the callback function
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
// readyState 4 means we're done
if (xhr.readyState != 4 ) return ;
// populate the page with the result
document.getElementById( ' comments ' ).innerHTML = document.getElementById( ' comments ' ).innerHTML + xhr.responseText;
};
// fire our request
xhr.send( null );
}
在View中引入此脚本,创建一个简单的表单,并添加触发的代码:
< asp:Content ID = " Content2 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " MainContent " runat = " server " >
< h4 > Comments </ h4 >
< ul id = " comments " >
</ ul >
<%= Html.TextArea( " Comment " , new {rows = 5 , cols = 50 }) %>
< button type = " submit " onclick = " getMessage() " > Add Comment </ button >
< span id = " indicator " style = " display:none " >< img src = " ../../content/load.gif " alt = " loading... " /></ span >
</ asp:Content >
< asp:Content ID = " Content3 " ContentPlaceHolderID = " headContent " runat = " server " >
< script src = " ../../Scripts/custom_ajax.js " type = " text/javascript " ></ script >
</ asp:Content >
效果如下:
第二种方式:利用Jquery:
在控制器中添加代码IndexJquery方法和AddComment方法的代码,CommentController代码如下所示:
public class CommentController : Controller
{
private IList < string > _comments = new List < string > ();
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public ActionResult IndexJquery()
{
return View();
}
public ActionResult AddComment( string comment)
{
_comments.Add( " <li> " + comment + " </li> " );
return Content( string .Join( " \n " , _comments.ToArray()));
}
public void AddCommentServer()
{
string comment = Request[ " comment " ].ToUpper();
_comments.Add( " <li> " + comment + " </li> " );
Response.ContentType = " text/html " ;
Response.Write( string .Join( " \n " , _comments.ToArray()));
}
}
根据IndexJquery,创建View表单IndexJquery.aspx:
< h4 > Comments </ h4 >
< ul id = " comments " >
</ ul >
<% using (Html.BeginForm( " AddComment " , " Comment " ,FormMethod.Post, new {@class = " hijax " })) { %>
<%= Html.TextArea( " Comment " , new {rows = 5 , cols = 50 }) %>
< button type = " submit " > Add Comment </ button >
< span id = " indicator " style = " display:none " >< img src = " http://www.cnblogs.com/content/load.gif " alt = " loading... " /></ span >
<% } %>
在View中引用Jquery:<script src=\'#\'" //www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.min.js" type="text/javascript">script>
添加下面脚本:
< script type = " text/javascript " >
// execute when the DOM has been loaded
$(document).ready(function () {
// wire up to the form submit event
$( " form.hijax " ).submit(function ( event ) {
event .preventDefault(); // prevent the actual form post
hijack( this , update_sessions, " html " );
});
});
function hijack(form, callback, format) {
$( " #indicator " ).show();
$.ajax({
url: form.action,
type: form.method,
dataType: format,
data: $(form).serialize(),
completed: $( " #indicator " ).hide(),
success: callback
});
}
function update_sessions(result) {
// clear the form
$( " form.hijax " )[ 0 ].reset();
$( " #comments " ).append(result);
}
</ script >
效果:与方式一效果一样。
第三种方式:Ajax Helper
将最简单的留言板修改成Ajax Helper的方式。
1、首先了解一下Ajax Helper下面四种方法。
a、Ajax.ActionLink():它将渲染成一个超链接的标签,类似于Html.ActionLink()。当它被点击之后,将获取新的内容并将它插入到HTML页面中。
b、Ajax.BeginForm():它将渲染成一个HTML的Form表单,类似于Html.BeginForm()。当它提交之后,将获取新的内容并将它插入到HTML页面中。
c、Ajax.RouteLink():Ajax.RouteLink()类似于Ajax.ActionLink()。不过它可以根据任意的routing参数生成URL,不必包含调用的action。使用最多的场景是自定义的IController,里面没有action。
d、Ajax.BeginRouteForm():同样Ajax.BeginRouteForm()类似于Ajax.BeginForm()。这个Ajax等同于Html.RouteLink()。
这个例子中使用Ajax.BeginForm(),下面具体了解Ajax.BeginForm()的参数。看下面代码:
<% using (Ajax.BeginForm( " AddComment " , new AjaxOptions
{
HttpMethod = " POST " ,
UpdateTargetId = " comments " ,
InsertionMode = InsertionMode.InsertAfter
})) { %>
actionName: AddComment(action的名字)
controllerName:CommentController(Controller的名字)
ajaxOptions:
HttpMethod:Ajax的请求方式,这里为POST
UpdateTargetId :Ajax请求的结果显示的标签的ID,这里为comments
InsertionMode:将Ajax结果插入页面的方式,这里将ajax的结果放置到comments的后面
2、实现:
在CommentController中添加IndexAjaxHelp方法。
public ActionResult IndexAjaxHelp()
{
return View();
}
根据IndexAjaxHelp生成View表单IndexAjaxHelp.aspx,定义表单:
< h4 > Comments </ h4 >
< ul id = " comments " >
</ ul >
<% using (Ajax.BeginForm( " AddComment " , new AjaxOptions
{
HttpMethod = " POST " ,
UpdateTargetId = " comments " ,
InsertionMode = InsertionMode.InsertAfter
})) { %>
<%= Html.TextArea( " Comment " , new {rows = 5 , cols = 50 }) %>
< button type = " submit " > Add Comment </ button >
<% } %>
要在此View中添加下面两个脚本文件:
<script src=\'#\'" //www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftAjax.js" type="text/javascript">script>
<script src=\'#\'" //www.cnblogs.com/Scripts/MicrosoftMvcAjax.js" type="text/javascript">script>
这样就行了,我们发现比用Jquery方便很多,但是使用Jquery将灵活很多。
3、效果:和方式一样。
总结:本文非常的简单,在asp.net mvc中实现了3中ajax的调用方式,实现了一个最简单的留言板程序。推荐使用Jquery和Ajax Helper这两种。Ajax Helper使用非常简单,Jquery比较灵活。
更新:三种方式都实现了一个最简单的留言板程序
参考:
ASP.NET MVC 2 In Action
Pro ASP.NET MVC 2 Framework, Second Edition
代码:http://files.cnblogs.com/zhuqil/AjaxDemo.rar