Frame-relay综合实验-1
试验拓扑:
理解试验拓扑:本试验拓扑为部分网格,也叫
hub and sopke
,
R2
和
R3
分别通过
frame
云和
R1
相连,
R2
与
R3
之间没有连接。
试验目的:使用全物理接口封装
frame-relay
,然后在
R2
上
ping R3
,观察出现的问题和掌握解决问题的方法。
实验配置:
Frame-relay Switch
:
FRSW(config)#frame-relay switching
FRSW(config)#int s1/0
FRSW(config-if)#enca frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#clock rate 5600
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 301 interface s1/1 103
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 302 interface s1/2 203
FRSW(config-if)#no shu
FRSW(config-if)#exit
FRSW(config)#int s1/1
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#clock rate 5600
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 103 interface s1/0 301
FRSW(config-if)#no shu
FRSW(config-if)#exit
FRSW(config)#int s1/2
FRSW(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
FRSW(config-if)#clock rate 5600
FRSW(config-if)#frame-relay route 203 interface s1/0 302
FRSW(config-if)#no shu
R1
:
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.3.3 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#enca frame-relay
R1(config-if)#no shu
R2
:
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#enca fram
R2(config-if)#no shu
R3
:
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#ip add 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#enca fram
R3(config-if)#no shu
以上为
frame-relay
基本配置,下面我们用
R2
分别
ping R1 and R3
:
R2#ping 172.16.3.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 192/295/372 ms
可以
ping
通
R1
,是因为我们有到
R1
的映射。
R2#debug ip pac
IP packet debugging is on
R2#ping 172.16.3.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
*Mar 1 00:02:43.959: IP: tableid=0, s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), routed via RIB
*Mar 1 00:02:43.963: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, sending
*Mar 1 00:02:43.963: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, encapsulation failed.
*Mar 1 00:02:45.959: IP: tableid=0, s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), routed via RIB
*Mar 1 00:02:45.959: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, sending
*Mar 1 00:02:45.959: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, encapsulation failed.
*Mar 1 00:02:47.959: IP: tableid=0, s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), routed via RIB
*Mar 1 00:02:47.959: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, sending
*Mar 1 00:02:47.963: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, encapsulation failed.
*Mar 1 00:02:49.959: IP: tableid=0, s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), routed via RIB
*Mar 1 00:02:49.959: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, sending
*Mar 1 00:02:49.959: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, encapsulation failed.
*Mar 1 00:02:51.959: IP: tableid=0, s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), routed via RIB
*Mar 1 00:02:51.959: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, sending
*Mar 1 00:02:51.959: IP: s=172.16.3.1 (local), d=172.16.3.2 (Serial1/0), len 100, encapsulation failed.
无法
ping
通
R3,debug
信息显示“
encapsulation failed
”,说明链路层有问题,然后用
debug fram pac
命令显示链路层调试信息:
R2#debug fram pac
Frame Relay packet debugging is on
R2#ping 172.16.3.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
*Mar 1 00:03:03.835: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP).
*Mar 1 00:03:05.831: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP).
*Mar 1 00:03:07.831: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP).
*Mar 1 00:03:09.831: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP).
*Mar 1 00:03:11.831: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP).
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
我们看到
debug
信息显示“
:Encaps failed--no map entry link
”,说明没有到
R3
的映射,因为我们这里采用的是
InverseARP
来动态映射
IP
和
DLCI
的,由于
InverseARP
无法映射远端
spoke
的
IP
,所以在这里我们需要用
frame-relay map
命令手动添加,如下:
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#fram map ip 172.16.3.2 103 broadcast
再观察
ping R3
时调试信息:
R2#ping 172.16.3.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
*Mar 1 00:04:38.395: Serial1/0(o): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:04:38.603: Serial1/0(i): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 60.
*Mar 1 00:04:40.391: Serial1/0(o): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104.
*Mar 1 00:04:42.391: Serial1/0(o): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104.
*Mar 1 00:04:44.391: Serial1/0(o): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104.
*Mar 1 00:04:46.391: Serial1/0(o): dlci 103(0x1871), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104.
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
成功发送出去,但是还是无法
ping
通,我们到
R3
上观察调试信息:
R3#debug fram pac
Frame Relay packet debugging is on
R3#
*Mar 1 00:03:49.847: Serial1/0(i): dlci 203(0x30B1), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:03:49.847: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP)
*Mar 1 00:03:51.863: Serial1/0(i): dlci 203(0x30B1), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:03:51.863: Serial1/0:Encaps failed--no map entry link 7(IP)
同样出现了没有做映射的问题,因为
ICMP ECHO
包需要返回应答,所以必须在
R3
上也要手动添加到
R2
的映射:
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#fram map ip 172.16.3.1 203 broadcast
然后在
R2
上
ping R3
:
R2#ping 172.16.3.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 360/392/432 ms
OK
,可以
ping
通。能
ping
通的原因是
spoke
路由器把包发给
hub
路由器,由于
hub
路由器有到全部
spoke
路由器的映射,所以它可以把包成功的转发到目的
spoke
路由器。
总结:在部分网格
/hub and spoke
拓扑结构中,如果全部采用物理接口来配置
frame-relay
的话,需要在所有的
spoke
路由器上添加到其余所有
spoke
路由器的映射。