软件安装boss:yum

 

一、YUM客户端及服务器的配置

yum，是Yellow dog Updater Modified的简称，起初是由yellow dog这一发行版的开发者Terra Soft研发，那时还叫做yup(yellow dog updater)，后经杜克大学的Linux@Duke开发团队进行改进，遂有此名。yum的关键之处是要有可靠的repository，顾名思义，这是软件的仓库，它可以是http或ftp站点，也可以是本地软件池，但必须包含rpm的header，header包括了rpm包的各种信息，包括描述，功能，提供的文件，依赖性等.正是收集了这些 header并加以分析，才能自动化地完成余下的任务

二、下面我们开始配置服务器。

（1）挂载CD-ROM并安装VSFTPD。（前提是讲RHEL的带RPM包的安装盘放进虚拟CD-ROM）

（2）安装成功以后，把光盘里所有的文件拷贝到 /var/ftp/pub 目录里

cp -rv ../* /var/ftp/pub

 

 

（3）切换到 /var/ftp/pub目录

删除*.html

删除Server/repodata/TRANS.TBL

删除VT/repodata/TRANS.TBL

如果你不删除以上文件也可能成功，但是也有可能出现意想不到的问题。建议删除

rm -f *.html
rm -f Server/repodata/TRANS.TBL
rm -f VT/repodata/TRANS.TBL

（4）安装createrepo工具，然后用这个工具生成YUM通用数据库,记住使用TAB补全路径和命令。

[root@rhel5 Server]# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.4.4-2.fc6.noarch.rpm

[root@rhel5 Server]# createrepo -g /var/ftp/pub/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml /var/ftp/pub/Server/

[root@rhel5 Server]# createrepo -g /var/ftp/pub/VT/repodata/comps-rhel5-vt.xml /var/ftp/pub/VT/

（5）然后从新启动FTP 服务：service vsftpd restart

到此基本大功告成，下面我们进行测试：

安装
yum install package 安装指定的安装包package1

[root@rhel5 Server]# yum install telnet*
Loading "security" plugin
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
rhel-debuginfo 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 9.5 kB 00:00
################################################## 31/31
Parsing package install arguments
Examining telnet-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm: telnet - 1:0.17-38.el5.i386
telnet-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm: does not update installed package.
Examining telnet-server-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm: telnet-server - 1:0.17-38.el5.i386
Marking telnet-server-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Package telnet-server.i386 1:0.17-38.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: telnet-server
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Missing Dependency: xinetd is needed by package telnet-server
[root@rhel5 Server]# yum install xinetd
Loading "security" plugin
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Parsing package install arguments
No Match for argument: xinetd
Nothing to do
[root@rhel5 Server]# ls |grep xinetd
xinetd-2.3.14-10.el5.i386.rpm
[root@rhel5 Server]# rpm -ivh xinetd-2.3.14-10.el5.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:xinetd ########################################### [100%]
[root@rhel5 Server]# yum install telnet*
Loading "security" plugin
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Parsing package install arguments
Examining telnet-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm: telnet - 1:0.17-38.el5.i386
telnet-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm: does not update installed package.
Examining telnet-server-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm: telnet-server - 1:0.17-38.el5.i386
Marking telnet-server-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Package telnet-server.i386 1:0.17-38.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
telnet-server i386 1:0.17-38.el5 telnet-server-0.17-38.el5.i386.rpm 49 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 49 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y

y，就开始安装了

Downloading Packages:
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: telnet-server ######################### [1/1]

Installed: telnet-server.i386 1:0.17-38.el5
Complete!
[root@rhel5 Server]#
yum localinstall package 本地安装软件包

[root@rhel5 ~]# yum localinstall /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp*
Loading "security" plugin
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Local Package Process
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-7.el5.i386.rpm: dhcp - 12:3.0.5-7.el5.i386
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-7.el5.i386.rpm: dhcp-devel - 12:3.0.5-7.el5.i386
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm: dhcpv6 - 0.10-33.el5.i386
Examining /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm: dhcpv6_client - 0.10-33.el5.i386
Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-7.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Setting up repositories
rhel-debuginfo 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-7.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
Marking /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm to be installed
/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm: does not update installed package.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
--> Package dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5 set to be updated
--> Package dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 set to be updated
--> Package dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
dhcp i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-7.el5.i386.rpm 2.1 M
dhcp-devel i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-7.el5.i386.rpm 1.4 M
dhcpv6 i386 0.10-33.el5 /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm 759 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 3 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 4.2 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing: dhcp ######################### [1/3]
Installing: dhcpv6 ######################### [2/3]
Installing: dhcp-devel ######################### [3/3]

Installed: dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 dhcpv6.i386 0:0.10-33.el5
Complete!
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@rhel5 ~]#

更新和升级
yum update 全部更新

yum check-update 检查可更新的程序

查找和显示
yum info <package> 显示安装包信息

[root@rhel5 ~]# yum info dhcp
Loading "security" plugin
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Installed Packages
Name : dhcp
Arch : i386
Epoch : 12
Version: 3.0.5
Release: 7.el5
Size : 2.1 M
Repo : installed

yum list <package> 显示指定程序包安装情况

yum search <keyword>查找软件包

[root@rhel5 ~]# yum search dhc
Loading "security" plugin
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files

dhclient.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 installed
Matched from:
dhclient 
dhcdbd.i386 2.2-1.el5 installed
Matched from:
dhcdbd

删除程序
yum remove | erase package1 删除程序包

[root@rhel5 ~]# yum remove dhcp
Loading "security" plugin
Loading "rhnplugin" plugin
Loading "installonlyn" plugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
--> Package dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 set to be erased
--> Running transaction check
Setting up repositories
Reading repository metadata in from local files
--> Processing Dependency: dhcp = 12:3.0.5 for package: dhcp-devel
--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
--> Package dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 set to be erased
--> Running transaction check

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================
Removing:
dhcp i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 installed 2.1 M
Removing for dependencies:
dhcp-devel i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5 installed 1.4 M

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 2 Package(s)

Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Removing : dhcp-devel ######################### [1/2]
Removing : dhcp ######################### [2/2]

Removed: dhcp.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5
Dependency Removed: dhcp-devel.i386 12:3.0.5-7.el5
Complete!
[root@rhel5 ~]#

yum 会把下载的软件包和header存储在cache中，而不会自动删除。如果我们觉得它们占用了磁盘空间，可以使用yum clean指令进行清除.
yum clean headers 清除header

yum clean packages 清除下载的rpm包

yum clean all 清除header与rpm包